H19-301_V3.0 Sample Questions Answers

Huawei's iMaster NCE-FabricInsight is an intelligent O&M platform for data center networks that leverages knowledge graph modeling to enhance network management and troubleshooting. Below is an explanation of each option:

"1-3-5" troubleshooting : This refers to a structured approach for fault detection, isolation, and resolution within 1 minute of fault detection, 3 minutes of fault location, and 5 minutes of fault recovery. FabricInsight uses AI-driven analytics to achieve this level of efficiency.

Data plane verification (DPV) : DPV ensures the correctness of the data forwarding path by verifying configurations and detecting anomalies in real time. This helps prevent issues like misconfigurations or routing errors.

Network snapshot comparison : This feature allows administrators to compare network states at different points in time, helping identify changes that may have caused performance degradation or faults.

Network health evaluation : FabricInsight continuously monitors the network and evaluates its health status, providing insights into potential risks and optimization opportunities.

All four options are valid O&M services provided by iMaster NCE-FabricInsight.

Huawei'sHybrid Optical-Electrical Cables 2.0provideboth data transmission and power supplyin asingle cable, enabling:

Ultra-long PoE+ power supply up to 600 meters, significantly extending traditional PoE+ limits (~100m).

Reduces the need for additional power outlets, simplifying deployment in large-scale campuses and outdoor scenarios.

Supports Wi-Fi 6 APs, cameras, and IoT devicesover long distances.

????Reference:HCSA-Presales-IP Network Official Study Guide, Hybrid Optical-Electrical Cables Section

The statement contains several inaccuracies. Fat APs (Autonomous Access Points) are standalone devices that do not require a Wireless Access Controller (AC) to function. They are fully capable of managing their own configurations and operations independently.In contrast,Fit APs(Lightweight Access Points) rely on a centralized AC for management and configuration. While Fit APs offer centralized control and scalability, they require the deployment of an AC, which can increase costs. Fat APs are simpler to deploy in small-scale networks but may lack the advanced features and scalability of Fit APs.

The claim that Fat APs "need to work with an AC" is incorrect, making the entire statement false.

Huawei's datacom portfolio includes the "Four Engines" product families:

NetEngine : Routers for wide-area networks.

CloudEngine : Switches for data center networks.

AirEngine : Wireless access points for Wi-Fi networks.

HiSecEngine : Security products for comprehensive protection.

AREngine is not part of the "Four Engines." It is unrelated to Huawei's datacom portfolio and focuses on augmented reality (AR) technologies.

Thus, the correct answer is C .

Adefault routeis a special type of route used in routing tables to forward packets when no specific route matches the destination IP address. It acts as a "catch-all" route for traffic that does not match any other routes in the routing table.The default route is typically represented as0.0.0.0/0, where:

0.0.0.0represents any destination IP address.

/0indicates a subnet mask of 0 bits, meaning it applies to all possible IP addresses.

Default routes are commonly used in scenarios where a router needs to forward traffic to a gatewayor next-hop device for further processing. This simplifies routing table management, especially in networks with limited or centralized connectivity.

Understanding Overlay Topologies in SD-WAN:

In Huawei's SD-WAN solution, overlay networks are created on top of the physical underlay network. These overlays can be customized based on specific services or applications.

Service Independence:

Different service topologies (e.g., voice, video, data) areindependent of each other, allowing granular control over traffic paths, QoS policies, and security settings.

Conclusion:The statement is TRUE because overlay topologies in Huawei's SD-WAN solution are service-specific and operate independently.

Huawei'shybrid cableis designed to future-proof network infrastructure by supporting ultra-long-distance power and data transmission. It eliminates the need for frequent cabling replacements, saving customers from the cost and effort of upgrading their cabling infrastructure multiple times.According to Huawei's official documentation, deploying hybrid cables can save customers10-15 yearsof cabling replacement workload in one deployment. This longevity is achieved through advanced materials and design that support higher bandwidth and extended power delivery over long distances.

Overview of Fixed Ports and Cards in AR Routers:

AR routers have fixed ports and modular cards that support various networking functions, including Layer 2 and Layer 3 operations.

Analysis of Each Statement:

Option A:This is incorrect. Not all Layer 2 cards support LAN/WAN switching; it depends on the specific model and card type.

Option B:This is correct. Layer 2 cards with VLANIF interfaces can perform simple Layer 3 forwarding but lack advanced features like NAT, MPLS, IPsec, and HQoS.

Option C:This is correct. Some AR router models allow WAN ports to be reconfigured as LAN ports, providing flexibility in deployment.

Option D:This is correct. Theundo portswitchcommand can be used to switch LAN ports to WAN ports, enabling Layer 3 functionality.

Conclusion:The correct statements are Options B, C, and D.

The physical layer (Layer 1) of the OSI model is responsible for transmitting raw bitstreams over a physical medium. When data reaches this layer, it is converted into signals compatible with the transmission medium being used. For example:

Optical signalsare used in fiber-optic cables.

Electrical signalsare used in copper cables (e.g., Ethernet).

Electromagnetic wavesare used in wireless communication (e.g., Wi-Fi or radio waves).

This conversion ensures that data can be transmitted efficiently across different types of media. The statement is therefore correct.

Overview of Huawei's Wireless Backhaul Solution:

Huawei's wireless backhaul solution for rail transportation ensures reliable communication for train control systems, passenger services, and other applications.

Analysis of Each Statement:

Option A:The handover delay in Huawei's solution can indeed be as low as30 ms, ensuring seamless connectivity during train movement.

Option B:The solution supportshighly reliable active-active links, providing redundancy and fault tolerance.

Option C:The solution is designed to carry critical systems liketrain control signals, ensuring safety and efficiency.

Option D:This is incorrect because Huawei's solution supports backhaul even at speeds of160 km/h or higher, making it suitable for high-speed rail networks.

Conclusion:The correct statements are Options A, B, and C.

Comprehensive and Detailed in Depth Explanation:An enterprise WAN (Wide Area Network) is designed to connect geographically dispersed locations within an organization. The primary interconnections include:

Option A: Enterprise headquarters and branches are commonly interconnected via WAN to enable centralized management and resource sharing.

Option B: Carrier networks and enterprise networks are not part of the enterprise WAN itself but represent external connectivity provided by service providers.

Option C: Enterprise campus networks and data centers are interconnected to ensure seamless access to centralized resources and applications.

Option D: Enterprise office networks and production networks are interconnected to facilitate collaboration and operational efficiency.

These interconnections form the backbone of an enterprise WAN, enabling cross-region communication and resource sharing.

Huawei iMaster NCE-Fabricis anAI-powered SDN controllerfordata center networks, offeringautomated rollback functionsto prevent misconfigurations.

(A) Tenant-Level Rollback (True):Allows rollback oftenant-specific configurations, ensuring isolation between network tenants.

(B) Service-Level Rollback (True):Enables rollback of individualnetwork serviceswithout affecting other operations.

(C) Network-Wide Rollback (True):Provides afull network rollbackto a previous stable state.

(D) Application-Level Rollback (False):Not a feature of iMaster NCE-Fabric; applications operate independently of network configuration rollback.

????Reference:HCSA-Presales-IP Network Official Study Guide, iMaster NCE-Fabric Rollback Functions

iMaster NCE (Huawei’s Network Cloud Engine)is anintent-driven network management and control systemdesigned forSDN networks.

It supports both traditional and SDN-capable networks:

SNMPis used to manage and controltraditional (non-SDN) devices.

NETCONF + YANGis used to manageSDN-capable devicesin a structured and automated manner.

CLI is not a preferred method in SDN environmentsas it lacks automation and scalability.

????Reference:HCSA-Presales-IP Network Official Documentation – iMaster NCE Management Capabilities

MACsec (Media Access Control Security) is a Layer 2 encryption protocol that ensures secure communication between devices in a network. It provides data confidentiality, integrity, and replay protection at the Ethernet layer.

The following models in the Huawei CloudEngine S6730 series support MACsec:

S6730-H48X6C : This switch supports MACsec on its high-speed ports, ensuring secure communication for critical applications.

S6730-H24X6C : Similar to the H48X6C, this model also supports MACsec, making it suitable for environments requiring robust security.

S6730-H24X4Y4C : This model also includes MACsec support, providing advanced security features for enterprise networks.

However, the S6730-S24X6Q does not support MACsec. It is designed for scenarios where Layer 2 encryption is not a primary requirement.

Thus, the correct answers are A , B , and D .

Huawei has been a leader in the telecommunications and networking industry for over two decades. The company invests heavily in research and development (R&D), with over11,000 R&D staffdedicated to advancing data communication technologies. This extensive R&D effort has enabled Huawei to innovate across various domains, including routing, switching, wireless, and security.The claim aligns with Huawei's official statements about its R&D capabilities and commitment to technological advancement.

Classification of Data Centers (DCs):

Data centers are classified into categories such as small, midsize, large, and ultra-large based on the number of standard racks they house.

Rack Classification Criteria:

Small DC:Less than 500 racks.

Midsize DC:500-1000 racks.

Large DC:1000-3000 racks.

Ultra-large DC:3000-10000 racks.

Conclusion:A data center with 3000-10000 racks falls under theultra-large DCcategory.

Huawei'sAI roaming technologyenhances wireless network performance by optimizing roamingbehavior for client devices (STAs). Key features include:

Optimal roaming experience:Ensures seamless roaming for different types of STAs, improving wireless speeds by up to30%.

Flexible steering policies:Supports dynamic and differentiated steering based on STA profiles, making option BFALSE.

802.11V support:Requires STAs to support the 802.11V standard for efficient roaming.

The claim that roaming steering policies are inflexible is incorrect, as AI roaming leverages intelligent algorithms to adapt policies dynamically based on network conditions and device characteristics.

Autonomous Driving Network (ADN) Levels:

The ADN standard defines six levels (L0 to L5), ranging from manual operations (L0) to fully autonomous operations (L5).

Highest Level (L5):

AtL5, the network achieves full autonomy, capable of self-configuration, self-optimization, and self-healing without human intervention.

Conclusion:The statement is TRUE because the highest level of the ADN standard is indeed L5: full autonomous network.

In theMOX (Ministries of Government)scenario, where high-performance and scalable WAN connectivity is required, Huawei recommends theNetEngine 8000 Xseries as the backbone router.Key reasons for this recommendation:

NetEngine 8000 X:Designed for ultra-high-capacity WAN backbones, supporting terabit-level throughput and advanced features like SRv6 and EVPN.

NetEngine 8000 M6/MIC/F1A:These models are more suited for aggregation or access roles rather than backbone routing.

TheNetEngine 8000 Xis ideal for government networks due to its ability to handle massive traffic volumes, ensure low latency, and support future-proof technologies.

Huawei’sFree Mobilitysolution providesconsistent network accessusingUser-Based Policy Control.

(B) True – User-Based Policy Control:

Ensures thatuser policies(VLAN, QoS, security) remainconsistentacross the network.

Users canmove freelyacross different subnets while maintainingthe same network access privileges.

Other options:

(A) IP Address-Based Control (False): Users' IP addresses may change, disrupting policy continuity.

(C) MAC Address-Based Control (False): MAC addresses aredevice-specific, limiting user mobility.

(D) Terminal-Based Control (False): Controls access perdevice, not per user.

????Reference:HCSA-Presales-IP Network Official Study Guide, Campus Network Mobility Section

Understanding Telnet:Telnet is a protocol used for remote management of networkdevices. Unlike console port management, which requires a physical connection, Telnet operates over the network.

Address Requirement:For Telnet communication to occur, the client must have an IP address. This is because Telnet relies on the TCP/IP protocol suite, and communication is established using IP addresses.

Why Not Other Options?

VLAN:A VLAN (Virtual Local Area Network) is a logical segmentation of a network but does not directly represent an address for communication.

AS:An Autonomous System (AS) is a collection of IP networks under a single administrative domain, not an address type.

MAC:A MAC address is a hardware identifier used at Layer 2 of the OSI model. While important for local network communication, it is not sufficient for Telnet, which operates at Layer 3.

Conclusion:The correct answer is IP, as it is the fundamental addressing scheme required for Telnet communication.

Huawei'sdata center autonomous driving networkis classified asL3: conditional autonomous network. This level represents a significant advancement in network automation, where the system can handle most tasks autonomously but still requires human oversight for complex or exceptional scenarios.The levels of autonomous driving networks are defined as follows:

L0:Fully manual operations with no automation.

L1:Basic automation with assisted O&M tools.

L2:Partial autonomy, where some tasks are automated.

L3:Conditional autonomy, enabling self-driving capabilities under specific conditions.

L4:High autonomy, capable of handling nearly all tasks without human intervention.

Huawei's L3 implementation ensures efficient and reliable operations while maintaining flexibility for human intervention when needed.

TheHuawei NetEngine AR6100 seriesis a line ofenterprise-class SD-WAN routersdesigned for:

Small- and medium-sized branch offices, offeringcost-effectiveconnectivity.

Supports SD-WAN featuresforintelligent traffic steering, application acceleration, and cloud access.

Integrates security functions, includingfirewalls, IPS, and VPNs, forbranch security.

????Reference:HCSA-Presales-IP Network Official Study Guide, Huawei NetEngine AR Series Overview

The wireless rate (throughput) of a Wi-Fi AP is influenced by several factors. Below is an analysis of each option:

CPU performance : The AP's CPU processes data packets and manages wireless communication. Higher CPU performance enables faster packet processing and better throughput.

Spatial stream : Wi-Fi uses multiple spatial streams (MIMO) to transmit data simultaneously. More spatial streams increase the data rate and improve throughput.

Frequency bandwidth : The bandwidth of the frequency channel determines how much data can be transmitted at once. For example, 160 MHz channels provide higher throughput than 20 MHz channels.

SNR (Signal-to-Noise Ratio) : A higher SNR indicates a stronger signal relative to noise, resulting in better data transmission quality and higher throughput. Poor SNR leads to retransmissions and reduced performance.

All four factors significantly impact the wireless rate of a Wi-Fi AP.

MACsec (Media Access Control Security)is a Layer 2 encryption protocol designed to secure Ethernet communications. It provides confidentiality, integrity, and replay protection for data transmitted over wired networks. The IEEE standard corresponding to MACsec is802.1AE, which defines the protocol's mechanisms for encrypting and authenticating Ethernet frames.Other options refer to unrelated standards:

802.1ab:Defines Link Layer Discovery Protocol (LLDP) for network discovery.

802.1p:Specifies priority tagging for Quality of Service (QoS).

802.1at:Defines Power over Ethernet Plus (PoE+).

The transition to all-Ethernet data center networks is driven by several IT transformations. Below is an analysis of each option:

PCIe is replaced : PCIe is a local bus standard used for high-speed device connections within servers. Its replacement does not directly contribute to the shift toward all-Ethernet networks.

Storage media evolves from HDDs to SSDs : The adoption of SSDs increases storage performance and reduces latency, making Ethernet-based storage protocols like NVMe over Fabrics (NVMe-oF) viable alternatives to traditional Fibre Channel.

The IT architecture evolves from centralized to distributed : Distributed architectures require scalable and flexible networking solutions, which Ethernet-based networks are well-suited to provide.

The deployment mode evolves from single-cloud mode to multiple deployment modes such as multi-cloud mode : While multi-cloud deployments influence network design, they do not directly drive the shift to all-Ethernet networks.

Thus, the correct answers are B and C .

TheHuawei NetEngine 8000 MIA and NetEngine 8000 M6routers arecompact, high-performance routers, but their depth isnot220 mm.

These routers aredesigned for high-capacity edge computingwithultra-high-density interfaces.

The actual depthvaries by model and configurationbut exceeds220 mmdue tohigh-performance hardware requirements.

????Reference:HCSA-Presales-IP Network Official Study Guide, NetEngine 8000 Series Specifications

Huawei'sCloudEngine series switchesare designed to meet the evolving demands of modern data center networks (DCNs). For customers requiring25G Top-of-Rack (TOR) switches, theCE6881is the ideal choice.Key details about the models mentioned:

CE6820:A lower-end switch that does not support 25G ports.

CE6870:Primarily supports 10G and 40G ports, not 25G.

CE6881:Specifically designed for 25G access and 100G uplinks, making it suitable for AI-era DCNs.

CE6863E:Focuses on high-density 100G/400G switching, not 25G TOR requirements.

TheCE6881aligns perfectly with the need for 25G TOR switches, enabling higher bandwidth and scalability for AI and cloud workloads.

Huawei's Expertise in Datacom Technologies:

Huawei has been a leader in data communication technologies for over two decades, investing heavily in research and development.

Research Centers Worldwide:

As of the latest documentation, Huawei operates 14 research centers globally. These centers focus on innovation in areas such as 5G, AI, cloud computing, and networking technologies.

Conclusion:The statement is TRUE, as Huawei has indeed established 14 research centers worldwide and has over 26 years of expertise in datacom technologies.

SD-WAN (Software-Defined Wide Area Network)is a transformative technology that enhances traditional WAN architectures. Its key characteristics include:

Automatic and intelligent O&M:Centralized management and real-time visibility simplify operations and improve troubleshooting.

Zero Touch Provisioning (ZTP):Enables rapid deployment of branch offices without manual configuration, reducing time and effort.

Dynamic traffic steering:Adjusts traffic paths based on application priorities, ensuring optimal performance for critical applications.

Value-added services:Integrates WAN optimization, security, and other services to enhance network capabilities and streamline service delivery.

These features make SD-WAN a preferred solution for modern enterprises seeking agility, scalability, and cost efficiency.

Understanding Multi-GE Switches:

Multi-GE switches support ports with speeds higher than 1 Gbps but lower than 10 Gbps, such as 2.5 Gbps or 5 Gbps. These switches are ideal for high-density Wi-Fi 6 deployments and other bandwidth-intensive applications.

Analysis of Each Series:

S5731-H:This series includes multi-GE ports, making it suitable for high-speed access and aggregation scenarios.

S5736-S:This series does not include multi-GE ports; it primarily supports standard 1 Gbps and 10 Gbps interfaces.

S6730-H:This series supports multi-GE ports and is designed for high-performance campus networks.

S5732-H:This series includes multi-GE ports and is optimized for enterprise campus and branch networks.

Conclusion:The S5731-H, S6730-H, and S5732-H series switches are multi-GE switches.

The Huawei CloudEngine S8700-10 is a high-performance aggregation switch designed for enterprise campus networks. It supports up to 4 power modules , which provide redundancy and ensure stable operation even in the event of a power module failure. Redundant power supplies are critical for maintaining network uptime and reliability, especially in mission-critical environments.

The other options (2, 6, and 8) do not match the specifications of the S8700-10. While some models in the S8700 series may support fewer or additional power modules, the S8700-10 specifically accommodates up to 4 power modules.

Understanding Hardware-Based BFD:

Bidirectional Forwarding Detection (BFD) is a protocol used to detect faults in network paths quickly. Hardware-based BFD offloads processing to dedicated chips, enabling faster detection intervals.

Huawei CE6863E-48S6CQ Capabilities:

TheCE6863E-48S6CQswitch supports hardware-based BFD with aminimum packet sending interval of 3.3 ms, ensuring rapid fault detection and recovery.

Conclusion:The statement is TRUE because the CE6863E-48S6CQ supports hardware-based BFD with the specified interval.

Overview of the S8700 Switch:

The S8700 series is part of Huawei's high-end campus core switches, designed for large-scale enterprise networks. It offers advanced hardware features to meet demanding requirements.

Analysis of Each Option:

Option A:The S8700 supports ultra-high PoE++ output capability, enabling long-distance power delivery for devices such as Wi-Fi access points and IP cameras.

Option B:The main control boards in the S8700 operate in 1:1 backup mode, ensuring seamless failover without packet loss or performance degradation.

Option C:This statement is incorrect. Service subcards arenot integratedon the main control board panel; they are separate components that enhance flexibility.

Option D:The S8700 supports ultra-high-density cards with GE optical, GE electrical, and 10GE optical ports, providing versatile connectivity options.

Conclusion:The correct hardware characteristics are Options A, B, and D.

Huawei'sAirEngineseries includes a range of Wi-Fi 6 APs with varying capabilities:

AirEngine 5762-12:Supports a maximum device rate of2.975 Gbps, not 1.775 Gbps, making option A incorrect.

AirEngine 6761-21:Supports a maximum device rate of3.55 Gbps, making option B correct.

AirEngine 5762-12SW:Does support the leader AP feature, making option C incorrect.

AirEngine 5761-11:Does not have 2.5GE ports, making option D incorrect.

TheAirEngine 6761-21stands out for its high performance, making it suitable for demanding environments like large enterprises and campuses.

Power Module Support in Huawei Switches:

Many Huawei switches are designed with dual power module slots to ensure redundancy and reliability. However, some lower-end models may not support this feature.

Analysis of Each Switch:

S5736-S24T4XC:This switch supports dual power modules for redundancy.

S5732-H:This switch also supports dual power modules.

S5731-S24P4X:This switch supports dual power modules.

S5735-L:This switch is a lower-end model anddoes not support dual power modules, making it less suitable for environments requiring high reliability.

Conclusion:The S5735-L series switch does not support two power modules.

TheNetEngine 8000 M14is a high-performance aggregation router designed for enterprise and carrier networks. Key features include:

Compact design:With a depth of220 mm, it fits well in space-constrained environmentslike edge locations.

Control/forwarding separation:Ensures efficient processing by separating control plane and forwarding plane functions.

Hardware redundancy:Provides high reliability through redundant components like power supplies and fans.

These features make the NetEngine 8000 M14 a robust choice for aggregation roles in WAN architectures.

Huawei USG firewalls offer flexible management options to meet diverse operational needs. Below is an analysis of each option:

SecoManager : USG firewalls can be managed centrally through SecoManager, which provides unified security policy orchestration and monitoring.

Commands : Administrators can use CLI (Command-Line Interface) commands to configure and manage the firewall directly.

CloudWAN : This is not a management mode for USG firewalls. CloudWAN is a solution for wide-area network management and is unrelated to firewall O&M.

Web NMS : USG firewalls support web-based Network Management Systems (NMS) for graphical configuration and monitoring.

Thus, the correct answers are A , B , and D .

TheHuawei NetEngine 40E X16A/X8Ais ahigh-performance core routerused incarrier-grade networks.

Maximum forwarding performance: 2 Tbit/s per service processing unit.

Supportshigh-density 100GE and 400GE interfaces.

Providesintelligent traffic scheduling, high reliability, and scalable architecture.

????Reference:HCSA-Presales-IP Network Official Study Guide, NetEngine 40E X16A/X8A Specifications

Arouterforwards packetsbased on its routing table, which contains different types of routes.

Common types of routes include:

Dynamic route: Learned from routing protocols like OSPF, BGP, and RIP.

Direct route: Automatically generated when an interface is assigned an IP address.

Static route: Manually configured by administrators to forward traffic to a specific destination.

A blackhole route (B)is not commonly used for forwarding but is instead a special type of route that discards traffic, preventing loops or attacks.

????Reference:HCSA-Presales-IP Network Official Documentation – Routing Basics and Types of Routes

The Huawei CE6863E-48S6CQ switch supports hardware-based Bidirectional Forwarding Detection (BFD), which enables rapid fault detection in the network. However, the claim that the minimum packet sending interval is 3.3 seconds is incorrect.

Hardware-based BFD typically supports much shorter intervals, often in the range of milliseconds (e.g., 3.3 ms, not 3.3 seconds). This ensures fast detection of link failures and minimizes downtime.

Thus, the statement is FALSE due to the incorrect interval value.

Huawei's vision for the datacom industry is indeed "IP on everything," reflecting its commitment to building ubiquitous, intelligent, and converged IP networks. This vision emphasizes the integration of IP technologies into all aspects of communication, including data centers, campuses, and wide-area networks, to support digital transformation and innovation.

The statement is therefore TRUE .

Huawei offers acomprehensive enterprise security portfolio, including:

(A) AntiDDoS (True):Protects againstDistributed Denial-of-Service (DDoS) attacks.

(B) Modular Firewall (True):Providesscalable, high-performance securityfor enterprise networks.

(C) SecoManager Security Controller (True):Acentralized security management platform.

(D) Desktop Firewall (False):Notpart of Huawei’s enterprise security product portfolio.

????Reference:HCSA-Presales-IP Network Official Study Guide, Huawei Security Products Overview

TheS5731-HandS5731-Sare part of Huawei's CloudEngine S series switches, but they differ in their software capabilities. Specifically:

S5731-H:Supports advanced features likeVXLAN (Virtual Extensible LAN), which enables network virtualization and scalable overlay networks.

S5731-S:Lacks VXLAN support, making it suitable for simpler deployments without virtualization requirements.

This distinction is critical when selecting switches for environments that require advanced virtualization and cloud integration.

MPLS (Multiprotocol Label Switching) is a tunneling technology that enables fast, efficient data forwarding based on labels rather than traditional IP routing. It providesconnection-orientedforwarding using label-switched paths (LSPs), ensuring reliableQuality of Service (QoS).

(A) True– MPLS is connection-oriented and enhances QoS by predefining LSPs through traffic engineering.

(B) True– MPLS useslabel switching, eliminating the need for IP lookups at each hop, significantly improving forwarding efficiency.

(C) False– MPLS is not connectionless; rather, it establishes virtual circuits (LSPs) for traffic. It providesend-to-end QoSthrough traffic prioritization.

(D) True– Labels in MPLS can be eithermanually assignedordynamically allocatedusing protocols likeLDP (Label Distribution Protocol)orRSVP-TE.

Large and midsize campus networks face unique challenges due to their scale, diversity of devices, and evolving service demands. Below is an analysis of each option:

Unknown threats must be detected and contained to prevent intrusion and spread : Security is a top priority in campus networks. Advanced threat detection mechanisms, such as AI-driven analytics and sandboxing, are essential to identify and mitigate unknown threats before they impact the network.

Diversified access terminals and services are calling for a converged network : Modern campus networks must accommodate a wide range of devices (e.g., smartphones, IoT devices, laptops) and services (e.g., voice, video, data). A converged network architecture simplifies management and ensures seamless connectivity across all devices.

As applications and services surge, the network needs to be automated to address the deployment and policy complexity : Automation tools, such as SDN and intent-driven networking (IDN), help streamline network deployment and policy enforcement, reducing manual intervention and minimizing errors.

Network O&M needs to be automated and intelligent to perceive user experience anytime and anywhere : Intelligent O&M solutions leverage AI and machine learning to monitor network performance, predict issues, and optimize user experience in real time.

All four options accurately describe the service requirements of large and midsize campus networks.

Understanding the Network Layer:

The network layer (Layer 3 of the OSI model) is responsible for end-to-end packet delivery, including routing and addressing. Protocols operating at this layer handle logical addressing and path determination.

Explanation of Each Protocol:

IPv6:The next-generation Internet Protocol, which operates at the network layer to provide addressing and routing for packets.

ICMPv6:Internet Control Message Protocol version 6, used for error reporting and diagnostic functions in IPv6 networks. It operates at the network layer.

IPv4:The current widely-used Internet Protocol, which operates at the network layer to provide addressing and routing for packets.

OSPF:Open Shortest Path First is a dynamic routing protocol that operates at the network layer to exchange routing information between routers.

ICMP:Internet Control Message Protocol, used for error reporting and diagnostic functions in IPv4 networks. It operates at the network layer.

Conclusion:IPv6, ICMPv6, IPv4, and ICMP all operate at the network layer. OSPF is also correct because it is a routing protocol that works at Layer 3.

Huawei'smulti-DC controllerenablesdistributed multi-cloud and multi-data center managementwith key capabilities:

(A) Hybrid Cloud Simulation and Verification (False):Huawei’s solution doesnotinclude full simulation capabilities but offersreal-time monitoring.

(B) Intelligent O&M (True):UsesAI-driven analyticsto providepredictive maintenanceandfault diagnosis.

(C) Three-Layer Network Visibility (True):Providesend-to-end visibilityat theinfrastructure, network, and service layers.

(D) Uniform Orchestration (True):Automatesnetwork resource allocationacross multiple data centers.

????Reference:HCSA-Presales-IP Network Official Study Guide, Multi-DC Controller Features

Huawei firewalls, particularly the USG series, have consistently demonstrated strong performance in terms of innovation, functionality, and market presence. As a result, they have been included in the Gartner Magic Quadrant for Network Firewalls every year since 2013, achieving recognition for nine consecutive years.

This consistent inclusion reflects Huawei's leadership in the firewall market and its ability to meet evolving customer requirements.

Thus, the statement is TRUE .

Understanding Wi-Fi 6 AP Radios:

Wi-Fi 6 APs typically have two or three radios. Three-radio APs provide additional capacity and performance, making them ideal for high-density environments.

Analysis of Each Model:

AirEngine 5762-12:This model supportstwo radios(2.4 GHz and 5 GHz).

AirEngine 6761-21T:This model supportsthree radios, including an additional IoT radio for Internet of Things (IoT) applications.

AirEngine 5761-21:This model supportstwo radios.

AirEngine 5761-11:This model supportstwo radios.

Conclusion:The correct answer is Option B, as the AirEngine 6761-21T supports three radios.

The evolution of data centers has progressed through several distinct phases, driven by advancements in technology and changing business requirements. Below is an analysis of each phase:

Centralized : Early data centers were centralized, with all resources (servers, storage, and networking) located in a single physical location. This model was simple but lacked scalability and flexibility.

Multi-site and multi-cloud : Modern data centers often span multiple physical locations and integrate with public, private, and hybrid clouds. This phase emphasizes distributed architectures and cloud-native applications.

Distributed : As workloads grew, data centers evolved into distributed models, where resources are spread across multiple sites to improve redundancy, scalability, and performance.

Virtualization : Virtualization technologies enabled the abstraction of physical resources, allowing multiple virtual machines (VMs) or containers to run on a single physical server. This phase significantly improved resource utilization and flexibility.

All four options represent key phases in the evolution of data centers.

Enterprise networks are vulnerable to a variety of cyberattacks, including:

Remote code execution:Attackers exploit vulnerabilities to execute malicious code on target systems, potentially gaining full control.

Cross-site attacks:Includes Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) and Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF), where attackers manipulate web applications to steal data or perform unauthorized actions.

Command line injection:Attackers inject malicious commands into input fields, compromising system integrity.

Brute-force attacks:Attackers attempt to guess passwords or encryption keys through repeated trial-and-error attempts.

These attack methods highlight the importance of implementing robust security measures, such asfirewalls, intrusion detection/prevention systems, and regular patching.

Understanding iStack Technology:

iStack is Huawei's stacking technology that allows multiple switches to be managed as a single logical device. This simplifies network configuration, management, and troubleshooting.

Dedicated Stack Ports or Stack Cards:

To enable iStack functionality, Huawei switches require either dedicated stack ports or stack cards. These ports/cards facilitate high-speed interconnection between stacked switches.

Benefits of iStack:

Simplifies network topology by reducing the number of managed devices.

Enhances scalability and reliability through unified management.

Conclusion:The statement is TRUE because dedicated stack ports or stack cards are required to support iStack technology.