Although the values look numeric, the sequence “1, 10, 2...” suggests they are being treated asstrings(text values), especially if they are not sorted numerically. In programming, strings are sequences of characters—even if those characters are digits.

“String data type is used to store alphanumeric characters, including numeric characters represented as text rather than numbers.” — CompTIA ITF+ Data Concepts

Correct answer: D

To install and use a printer over a network, the printer must have an assignedIP addressso that it can be located and communicated with by other devices on the same network.

“Network printers are assigned IP addresses so computers can locate and send print jobs to them over the network.” — CompTIA ITF+ Networking Guide

Correct answer: B

Tablets typically connect to wireless networks using Wi-Fi, which adheres to the IEEE 802.11 standard (often seen as 802.11a/b/g/n/ac/ax). The correct protocol family for this type of connection is802.11X(referring to Wi-Fi technologies broadly).

“Wireless devices such as tablets use the 802.11 standards to connect to Wi-Fi access points for network connectivity.” — CompTIA ITF+

Other options:

B. Thunderbolt and D. USB-C – Wired connection standards

C. Bluetooth – Short-range peripheral communication, not Wi-Fi

Correct answer: A

Browsers store previously loaded pages in theircacheto improve performance. If outdated content is cached, clearing the cache forces the browser to load the latest version from the server.

“Clearing the browser cache removes stored versions of web pages and resolves display issues caused by outdated content.” — CompTIA ITF+

Correct answer: C

Compiled languages(e.g., C, C++, Go) are translated into machine code before execution, making them faster and more efficient at runtime than interpreted or scripting languages.

“Compiled code is translated into machine language before execution, providing faster performance compared to interpreted code.” — CompTIA ITF+ Software Concepts

Correct answer: B

Anembedded operating systemis used in dedicated devices such as smart appliances, printers, or industrial machines. It performs specific functions and interacts with other systems, like sending alerts.

“Embedded operating systems are designed to run on specialized hardware with a fixed function, such as in appliances or vehicles.” — CompTIA ITF+ Official Guide

Correct answer: B

A simple static web page is best created using amarkup language, such as HTML. Markup languages describe the structure and formatting of content on a web page.

“Markup languages like HTML are used to design and structure static web content. They do not contain logic or interactivity like scripting languages.” — CompTIA ITF+ Study Guide

Correct answer: D

The syntax shown uses tags like and

, which are characteristic of amarkup language, specifically HTML (HyperText Markup Language). Markup languages describe the structure and presentation of text.

“Markup languages, such as HTML and XML, are used to annotate text so that the computer can manipulate it. HTML is used to design the structure of web pages using tags like ,

,

, etc.” — CompTIA ITF+ Official Guide

Other options:

Query languages like SQL retrieve data.

Compiled languages require compilation into machine code (e.g., C++).

Scripting languages are used for automation but don’t use markup syntax.

Correct answer: A

Ahypervisoris the software or hardware platform that enables virtualization. It allows multiple operating systems (guest OSes) to run on a single physical machine.

“A hypervisor manages virtual machines on a single physical system. It enables the creation and management of guest OS environments.” — CompTIA ITF+

Correct answer: D

This structure usesbranching, which allows a program to make decisions based on conditions using "if," "else if," and similar statements.

“Branching allows the flow of execution in a program to change based on decisions or conditions.” — CompTIA ITF+ Programming Concepts

Correct answer: D

Aloopis a programming construct that repeats a set of instructions while a condition is true. This is used to automate repetitive tasks in code.

“Loops are used in programming to execute the same block of code multiple times under specific conditions.” — CompTIA ITF+ Programming Concepts

Correct answer: A

Line 10 starts with “FOR Q=1 TO 100,” which is aloop construct. It defines a loop that will run 100 times, incrementing Q from 1 to 100 and executing the enclosed lines (20 and 30).

“Loops are programming constructs that repeat a set of instructions until a condition is met. A ‘FOR’ loop is a common control structure in procedural programming.” — CompTIA ITF+ Official Objectives

Other options:

Attribute applies to objects, not control flow.

Sequence is the overall flow of code lines.

Branches involve decision-making (e.g., IF/ELSE), not repetition.

Correct answer: D

When a new vulnerability is discovered in software, thebest way to secure itis byapplying updates (patches)released by the software vendor. According to the CompTIA ITF+ objectives:

“Vendors regularly release software updates and security patches to fix vulnerabilities that could be exploited by attackers. Installing these patches promptly is crucial for maintaining system security.”

Although configuring a firewall and authentication improves overall security, they do not directly patch or fix the vulnerability. Uninstalling may be an option only if a patch is unavailable or the software is no longer needed. Therefore, the best and most proactive response is B: Apply updates.

Aflat fileis a simple database format often stored as a plain text or CSV file. It is ideal for small data sets where speed and simplicity are required.

“Flat files are simple and fast for storing small amounts of data and are easy to process without requiring a full database management system.” — CompTIA ITF+ Data Concepts

Correct answer: A

Pop-up blockers prevent new windows or tabs from opening, which can block reports that open in pop-up windows:

“If a web page uses pop-up windows to present information, a pop-up blocker may prevent the new content from loading.”

Cache clearing, accessibility options, or private browsing don’t directly affect hyperlink behavior.

Apassword reusepolicy prevents users from using the same password across multiple platforms or reusing previously used passwords. This is a best practice to reduce the risk of credential stuffing attacks.

“Password reuse policies help ensure users do not reuse old or existing passwords across multiple platforms, reducing exposure from compromised accounts.” — CompTIA ITF+ Security Objectives

Correct answer: A

Task managementtools such as Task Manager in Windows or Activity Monitor in macOS allow users to monitor running applications and processes. They also provide the functionality to force-close (end) applications that are not responding.

“Task Manager provides a way to close applications that are unresponsive and manage running processes.” — CompTIA ITF+ Official Guide

Correct answer: A

Privacyinvolves protecting personal or sensitive information from being disclosed without consent. Sharing individuals’ birthdays and home addresses—even if they are public figures—violates the privacy principle.

“Privacy ensures that personal data is collected, used, and shared responsibly and legally. Exposing personal information in public forums can breach this principle.” — CompTIA ITF+ Official Objectives

Correct answer: C

Anti-malwaresoftware is specifically designed to detect, quarantine, and remove malicious software from a system. It is the most appropriate tool for protecting a computer after a suspicious or infected file is downloaded.

“Anti-malware software scans downloaded files and running processes to identify and remove malicious software, providing real-time protection against viruses, trojans, and spyware.” — CompTIA ITF+ Study Guide

Other options:

B. Firewall – Prevents unauthorized access but doesn’t clean infections

C. Patching – Prevents exploitation of known vulnerabilities, not infection removal

D. Permissions – Limit access but do not remove malware

Correct answer: A

Account logsprovide details about authentication attempts and can confirm whether a user successfully logged in or was denied access.

“Authentication events are recorded in system and application logs, helping verify login success or failure.” — CompTIA ITF+ Security Concepts

Correct answer: A

The most important consideration when opening a file on anOperating System Graphical User Interface (OS GUI)is thefile extension. A file extension identifies thetype of fileanddetermines which software application can open it. In the official CompTIA ITF+ Student Guide, it is stated that:

“The last part of the file name represents anextension, which describes what type of file it is and is used by Windows to associate the file with an application.”

“Files are usually opened by double-clicking them. You may want to open a file in a software product other than the default, however. When you right-click a file, the shortcut menu displays a list of suitable choices, or you can chooseOpen Withand browse for a different application. You can also use the Default Programs applet to configure file associations.”

“Do not change a file's extension if it is shown. If you delete or change the extension, the file will not be associated with the correct program for opening it.”

This means the OS uses thefile extensionto decide which application to use to open a file.Changing or deleting the extensioncan result in the file not opening properly because it no longer matches the program expected to open it.

Although a phone number contains only digits, it is best stored as astringbecause:

It doesn’t require mathematical operations.

It may include formatting symbols like dashes or parentheses.

“Phone numbers are stored as strings because they are identifiers, not values for computation.” — CompTIA ITF+ Data Types

Correct answer: A

Pseudocode represents logic written in plain, human-readable language that resembles programming structure but isn’t actual code:

“Pseudocode allows programmers to design algorithms using readable statements before translating them into actual code.”

Branch and sequence refer to control flow structures, and object-oriented refers to a programming paradigm.

Achar (character)represents a single letter, number, or symbol. It differs from a string, which is a sequence of characters.

“The char data type stores a single alphanumeric character or symbol.” — CompTIA ITF+ Programming Fundamentals

Correct answer: C

NVMe (Non-Volatile Memory Express)drives are high-speed storage devices that commonly use theM.2 form factor. M.2 allows for compact design and direct connection to the motherboard.

“M.2 is a compact form factor used for high-speed NVMe and SATA SSDs, enabling faster storage access in modern systems.” — CompTIA ITF+ Hardware Overview

Correct answer: A

Output devices display or present data to users:

“A Smart TV displays visual and audio output, qualifying it as an output device.”

Web cameras, keyboards, and microphones are input devices that capture data rather than display or present it.

For locations without cable or cellular towers,satellite internetis the most viable solution. Satellite does not require terrestrial infrastructure beyond a dish and has global coverage.

“Satellite is often used in remote or rural locations where wired and cellular connectivity is not available. It uses a dish to communicate with orbiting satellites for internet access.” — CompTIA ITF+ Curriculum

Fiber optic and IDSL require ground cabling.

Cellular requires nearby towers, which the scenario rules out.

Correct answer: D. Satellite

In object-oriented programming, methods are functions or procedures associated with an object that perform actions such as retrieving data:

“Methods are actions that an object can perform. They typically manipulate or retrieve data stored within the object.”

Variables store data, attributes define properties, and loops control repetition but do not directly handle data retrieval within objects.

To extract specific information from a database, especially recently updated entries, aqueryis used. Queries filter and retrieve data based on conditions like dates, fields, or status.

“A query is a request for data or information from a database table or combination of tables.” — CompTIA ITF+ Data Management

Correct answer: B