C1000-142 Sample Questions Answers

IBM Cloud Architects recommend and design cloud solutions to solve client problems

Explanation

IBM API Connect® Service provides API creation and management with security-rich features and centralized governance. You can use IBM API Connect for IBM Cloud to quickly create APIs for microservices based on Node.js and Java runtimes. When APIs are hosted on API Connect: Consumers can locate, understand, learn, and experiment with the APIs they need before committing to use them. They can also self-subscribe to them using revocable keys. Providers can hide the exact locations of API implementations, enable version-based routing, and throttle inbound requests to the API on a per-consumer basis. These capabilities are helpful while packaging data for partners. Consumers and providers can track use and response times, which allows them to tie resource use to their business model. In-Correct Answers IBM Event Streams for IBM Cloud is a high-throughput message bus built with Apache Kafka and was previously known as Message Hub. In Event Streams, applications send data by creating a message and sending it to a topic. It uses availability support from IBM Kubernetes services to maintain high availability and resilience. Integration is available with IBM Cloud services as well as Watson Internet of Things® (IoT). Key Features Fully Managed: Built on Apache Kafka, IBM Cloud Event Streams is a fully managed service. Intuitive UX: Deploy your Event Streams in minutes using the benefits of IBM Design Thinking. Event-Driven: Use integrations with IBM Cloud services like Watson IoT platform, IBM Streaming Analytics, and IBM Cloud Functions to easily create your event-driven architecture. IBM App Connect® is a powerful all-in-one tool for easily connecting apps, integrating data, building APIs, and acting on events. App Connect can connect any endpoint, map your data, and move data fast. With IBM App Connect, you can reliably access and combine data assets across all your enterprise applications, databases, and systems and expose them as APIs. You can connect to any application or endpoint, from the latest SaaS apps to mainframe systems. IBM App Connect allows you to connect applications together using a common platform. It enables you to build automation triggers between applications and automate workflows and integrate data using the included 75+ connectors and 50+ templates. Key Features Intuitive Development Tools: Easily create APIs, thoroughly test them, then share them with others both inside and outside your organization. Easy Yet Powerful Security: Use pre-defined security policies to protect your API or customize your own. Lifecycle Management: Manage the entire lifecycle of your APIs for your internal team, external consumers, and third parties. Customizable Developer Portal: Share your APIs with other developers using the built-in fully-customizable portal. The portal includes the ability to communicate with API consumers using a variety of modalities including blogs, forums, and messaging. IBM® MQ on Cloud provides enterprise-grade messaging capabilities to allow the flow of information between different applications. This service is fully managed so you can focus on integrating MQ applications rather than upgrades and patches. Key Features Deduplication: Messages are delivered without duplicates. Connectivity: Connectivity issues are handled by MQ. Encryption: End-to-end data encryption is used to ensure the security of your data. [Exam Tips] Remember following points: If you need to create, secure, and manage APIs use API Connect If you need to connect, copy, and sync application data across platforms use APP Connect If you need to deliver reliable, secure messaging, either on-premises or over the cloud use MQ If you need to build adaptive smart apps that react to events as soon as they happen use IBM Event Streams

Explanation

Cloud Functions lets you focus on writing code and building great solutions, without the hassle of setting up, configuring, or maintaining servers. You only pay for the time your code actually runs*, which means no excess capacity or idle time. Cloud Functions scales to fit your exact demand, from once a day to thousands of parallel requests per second.

You can run code for any type of application or backend service, all with zero administration. Invoke your code directly via a REST API, or in response to IBM Cloud services and third-party events.

Because Cloud Functions is open-source and is built around an open ecosystem of event providers, there is never a need to worry about vendor lock-in.

IBM Cloud® Function is server less it does not mean Physical infrastructure resources like virtual server, network, storage disks are not required for IBM Cloud® Function, because these resources are required and managed by Cloud Provider.

Explanation

Application modernization is the process of updating outdated business systems and applications. There are many ways to modernize your applications, from integrating existing systems with APIs to doing a full rip-and-replace of infrastructure and building an entirely new application architecture. Common goals of application modernization : - Microservices architecture - DevOps - Cloud migration Benefits of Application modernization : Speed of Development: Since the microservices that make up cloud applications are built once and can be reused over and over, they are easier to use and can be deployed quickly once created. Risk Management: Since one microservice can be used by multiple applications, maintaining security and compliance can be monitored from a central location rather than from within multiple applications. Manage Cost: Since microservices are only written once, the cost to develop them is significantly smaller. The cost to maintain them is also lower since they can be maintained from one central location.

Explanation

Virtual Private Cloud used to run an isolated environment within a public cloud. A VPC is a public cloud offering that lets an enterprise establish its own private cloud-like computing environment on shared public cloud infrastructure. A VPC gives an enterprise the ability to define and control a virtual network that is logically isolated from all other public cloud tenants, creating a private, secure place on the public cloud. - VPC provides security in two ways. At the instance level protection is provided through security groups. At the subnet level, protection is provided by access control lists. Site-to-site virtual private networks (VPN) can be configured. A public gateway is used to enable egress to the internet for all virtual server instances on the attached subnet. - VPC provides flexibility when customers securely connect to on premises or remote infrastructure. VPCs can be created in various regions around the world. Customers can select a private IP address or bring their own IP address for cloud applications. Using Direct Link helps create a dedicated connection between the cloud and on premises resources. This allows an organization to extend its network and provide a consistent connection without using the public internet. - Responsiveness VPC makes it possible to create responsive cloud applications. Instance profiles with elasticity are used when creating applications for workloads, horizontal scaling, performance monitoring, and load balancing services.

Block and file storage are common in traditional data centers but can often struggle with scale, performance and distributed characteristics of cloud. Thus, of the three, object storage has thus become the most common mode of storage in the cloud given that it is highly distributed (and thus resilient), it leverages commodity hardware, data can be accessed easily over HTTP, and scale is not only essentially limitless but performance scales linearly as the cluster grows.

Explanation

Public Cloud is provisioned for open use by the general public. It may be owned, managed, and operated by a business, academic, or government organization, or some combination of them. It exists on the premises of the cloud provider. In a public cloud model, users get access to servers, storage, network, security, and applications as services delivered by cloud service providers over the internet maintain by the cloud provider. Characteristics of a public cloud: A public cloud is a virtualized multi-tenant architecture enabling tenants or users to share computing resources, residing outside their firewalls. Use Case : Now a days, Organizations are using public cloud computing resources to build secondary infrastructures for disaster recovery, data protection, and business continuity. In-Correct Answer : Private Cloud is provisioned for exclusive use by a single organization comprising multiple consumers (e.g., business units). It may be owned, managed, and operated by the organization, a third party, or some combination of them, and it may exist on or off premises. Community Cloud is provisioned for exclusive use by a specific community of consumers from organizations that have shared concerns (e.g., mission, security requirements, policy, and compliance considerations). It may be owned, managed, and operated by one or more of the organizations in the community, a third party, or some combination of them, and it may exist on or off premises. Hybrid Cloud is a composition of two or more distinct cloud infrastructures (private, community, or public) that remain unique entities, but are bound together by standardized or proprietary technology that enables data and application portability (e.g., cloud bursting for load balancing between clouds).

IBM® MQ provide messaging capabilities such as point-to-point and publish subscribe models to facilitate the flow of information between applications. You can use IBM® MQ to enable applications to communicate at different times and in many diverse computing environments.

In-Correct Answers :

IBM App Connect® is a powerful all-in-one tool for easily connecting apps, integrating data, building APIs, and acting on events. It can automatically copy and synchronize data between on-premises and cloud-based applications. it can connect any endpoint, map your data, and move data fast. With IBM App Connect®, you can reliably access and combine data assets across all your enterprise applications, databases, and systems and expose them as APIs.

IBM API Connect® The tools that API Connect service provides will create and manage your APIs with security-rich features and centralized governance and business-level controls by setting varying levels of security, visibility, billing plans, and rate limits. You can use IBM API Connect for IBM Cloud to quickly create APIs for microservices based on Node.js and Java runtimes IBM Event Streams for IBM Cloud® is an event-streaming platform based on the Apache Kafka® project and incorporates the open-source Strimzi technology.

IBM Event Streams for IBM Cloud® is a high-throughput message bus built with Apache Kafka. IBM Event Streams supports Apache Avro schemas, enabling your Kafka applications to use schemas to validate data structures and to encode and decode data. Event Streams provides a REST API to help connect your existing systems to your Event Streams Kafka cluster.

DevSecOps—short for development, security, and operations—automates the integration of security and compliance at every phase of the software development lifecycle, from initial design through integration, testing, deployment, and software delivery. Benefits of DevSecOps : Rapid, cost-effective software delivery.

IBM® Event Streams for IBM Cloud® is a high-throughput message bus built with Apache Kafka. It is optimized for event ingestion into IBM Cloud and event stream distribution between your services and applications. Event Streams was previously known as Message Hub. You can use Event Streams to complete the following tasks: - Offload work to back-end worker applications. - Connect event streams to streaming analytics to realize powerful insights. - Publish event data to multiple applications to react in real time

Explanation

A VPC is a public cloud offering that lets an enterprise establish its own private cloud-like computing environment on shared public cloud infrastructure. You can subdivide a VPC with subnets, where each subnet can reach the public internet through an optional public gateway. You can assign an FIP to any instance to reach it from the internet, or the other way around. This is independent of whether the subnet is attached to a public gateway. Subnets within IBM Cloud VPC offer private connectivity; they can talk to each other over a private link, through the implicit router. Setting up routes isn't necessary.

Microservices architecture is an approach in which a single application is composed of many loosely coupled and independently deployable smaller services.

You can use the IBM Cloud® Security and Compliance Center to create and manage templates by using the console or the APIs. Templates help you define your preferred property values for supported resources in your accounts. After you create a template and attach it to a scope, your defined values override the defaults that are provided by IBM. Later, when an account user creates a resource that is targeted by the template, your customized defaults are applied.

Containers are lightweight and portable executable units (images) of software. They supply portability between different platforms and clouds. Containers are self-contained units that are designed to hold applications as well as all libraries and dependencies that the application requires. Containers can be run on physical computers or in the cloud.

Containers do not have an operating system of their own. Instead, they access the operating system of the device they are running on using a hypervisor. This allows them to be more light-weight, easier to provision, and much smaller than traditional virtual machines.

Virtual machine is a virtual re-presentation of physical computer, you can understand it as a computer inside a computer. Each individual virtual machine behaves exactly as though it were its own computer. It has its own operating system, memory, storage, and compute and is totally unaware of other virtual machines that could be running on the same host.

How do containers differ from a traditional VM?

Traditional virtualization leverages a hypervisor to virtualize physical hardware. Each VM contains:

- A guest operating system (OS)

- A virtual copy of the hardware that the OS requires to run

- An application and its associated libraries and dependencies

- Containers, on the other hand, virtualize the operating system. Each container only contains:

- The application

- Its libraries

- Its dependencies

Explanation

IBM Cloud Transit Gateway provisions and defines connections between resources on the IBM Cloud network, providing private interconnectivity between IBM Cloud data centers worldwide. IBM Cloud Transit Gateway provides a central hub for connectivity, making it easier to provision and manage your networks. With IBM Cloud Transit Gateway, you can create a single transit gateway or multiple transit gateways to connect IBM Cloud VPCs. You can also connect your IBM Cloud classic infrastructure to a transit gateway to provide seamless communication with classic infrastructure resources. Any new resource that you connect to a transit gateway is automatically made available to every other resource connected to it. All data remains within the private IBM Cloud backbone and is optimized for performance. IBM Cloud Transit Gateway supports local and global routing between VPCs and the IBM Cloud classic infrastructure. Connections to and from an IBM Cloud Transit Gateway on the IBM private network are not shown to the public internet. This arrangement reduces public egress and VPN costs and reduces security threats. IBM Cloud Transit Gateway is a fully redundant, fault-tolerant service with no single point of failure within IBM Cloud multizone regions. In-Correct Answer : The following offerings help you interconnect a VPC with an on-premises network VPN can securely connect your virtual private cloud to another private network. You can use VPN to set up an IPsec site-to-site tunnel between your VPC and your on-premises private network or another VPC IBM Cloud Direct Link Connect provides connectivity between your on-premises and IBM Cloud VPC networks through a supported service provider. A service provider connection is useful if your data center is in a physical location that can't reach a dedicated colocation facility, or if your data needs don't warrant a 5 Gbps+ connection. Connect service providers are often used to facilitate multicloud connectivity (public clouds from multiple vendors) through their network. Connect service providers offer layer 2 connectivity, layer 3 connectivity, or both. Work with your service provider to understand their offerings and requirements. IBM Cloud Direct Link Dedicated provides low-latency, high-throughput connections between IBM Cloud VPC networks direct to a service provider-managed WAN, or a client-managed cloud backbone. You can optimize egress traffic from your VPC network and reduce your egress costs. If you can’t connect at an IBM Cloud data center, or don’t need more than 5 Gbps of bandwidth on a Virtual Network Connection, you can use IBM Cloud Direct Link Connect to connect to IBM Cloud through a supported service provider. [Exam tips]: Remember IBM Cloud Transit Gateway used to connect internal VPCs(VPC-to-VPC). IBM Cloud provides connectivity from an external source into a customer's IBM Cloud private network. IBM Cloud Transit Gateway provides connectivity between resources within a customer's IBM Cloud private network.

A resource is the instance of the service

Explanation

NoSQL databases are non-relational, which eliminates the need for connecting tables. Their built-in sharding and high availability capabilities ease horizontal scaling. If a single database server is not enough to store all your data or handle all the queries, the workload can be divided across two or more servers, allowing companies to scale their data horizontally.

Microservices are an architectural approach in which a single application is composed of many loosely coupled and independently deployable smaller components, or services. Characteristic of microservices : - Code can be updated more easily - new features or functionality can be added without touching the entire application. - Teams can use different stacks and different programming languages for different components. - Components can be scaled independently of one another, reducing the waste and cost associated with having to scale entire applications because a single feature might be facing too much load.

Explanation

Correct Answer : Metro : The name of a city where 1 or more data centers are located. A metro might have a multizone region, such as Dallas, or might have a single zone region, such as Mexico City. If you create a cluster in a multizone region, the Kubernetes master and worker nodes can be spread across zones for high availability. In-Correct Answers: Geography : An organizational grouping that is based on geographic continents. Note : District & Urban site are not valid options for IBM Cloud - these are added for distraction.

By using the IBM Cloud® Security and Compliance Center, you can significantly decrease the likelihood of a misconfiguration-related security issue by setting guardrails around the way that your resources can be configured. With the Configuration Governance component of the Security and Compliance Center, you are able to define rules and templates that can help to standardize your organizations resource configuration. When you create a rule and enable enforcement, you can apply it to your entire enterprise, account, or a subset of your resources by limiting your scope to a resource group. Then, when a rule is in place, a user in your account is unable to provision a resource or set a configuration that violates the rule. In some situations, resource configurations require multiple API calls to set. In these cases, you must also define a template in order for the resource to be configured. With templates, you can define your preferred values, or customized defaults, on properties that are used to configure an IBM Cloud resource. By creating templates that users in your accounts can regularly review and reference, you set guidelines for teams to follow. After you attach a template to a scope, your customized defaults are applied by target services to ensure that your selections override the IBM-defined values each time that a target resource is created.

IBM Cloud® Activity Tracker records events in compliance with the CADF standard. These events are triggered by user-initiated activities that change the state of a service in the cloud. The solution empowers users to see, manage and analyze cloud actions. IBM Cloud® encrypts all data in transit, and you can encrypt your data at rest with your own keys, and then monitor the events around the lifecycle of the encryption keys with IBM Cloud® Activity Tracker. IBM Cloud® supports multiple encryption options, whether you're looking for a solution that supports the bring your own key (BYOK) or keep your own key (KYOK) functionality. For an in-depth look at the options to secure your data depending on your organization's needs

IBM Event Streams for IBM Cloud® is an event-streaming platform based on the Apache Kafka® project and incorporates the open-source Strimzi technology. It Integrates with Watson Internet of Things (IoT) and IBM Cloud functions to leverage event streams.

IBM Event Streams for IBM Cloud® is a high-throughput message bus built with Apache Kafka. IBM Event Streams supports Apache Avro schemas, enabling your Kafka applications to use schemas to validate data structures and to encode and decode data.

Event Streams provides a REST API to help connect your existing systems to your Event Streams Kafka cluster.

In-Correct Answers:

IBM® MQ provide messaging capabilities such as point-to-point and publish-subscribe models to facilitate the flow of information between applications. You can use IBM® MQ to enable applications to communicate at different times and in many diverse computing environments.

IBM App Connect® is a powerful all-in-one tool for easily connecting apps, integrating data, building APIs, and acting on events. It can automatically copy and synchronize data between on-premises and cloud-based applications. it can connect any endpoint, map your data, and move data fast. With IBM App Connect®, you can reliably access and combine data assets across all your enterprise applications, databases, and systems and expose them as APIs.

IBM App Connect® offer prebuilt, security-rich intelligent connectors let you connect applications on premises or in the cloud.

IBM API Connect® The tools that API Connect service provides will create and manage your APIs with security-rich features and centralized governance and business-level controls by setting varying levels of security, visibility, billing plans, and rate limits.

You can use IBM API Connect for IBM Cloud to quickly create APIs for microservices based on Node.js and Java runtimes

Explanation

IBM Cloud for VMware Solutions offers Veeam Backup & Replication technology to provide backup, recovery, and replication for your VMware workload on IBM Cloud. To protect your data, use Veeam to create jobs to back up your workload to IBM Cloud Endurance Storage.

Correct Answer :

DBaaS, sometimes called “managed database service,” is exactly what it sounds like: a service that lets users access and use a database over the cloud, rather than purchasing and setting up their own hardware and software, which they then need to manage themselves.

IBM® Cloudant®, a highly scalable and performant JSON (JavaScript Object Notation) database service, stores JSON formatted documents.

IBM® Cloudant® is a fully managed, distributed database optimized for heavy workloads and fast-growing web and mobile apps, IBM Cloudant is available as an IBM Cloud® service (based on Apache’s CouchDB) with a 99.99% SLA.

Use Case: Where customer requires scalable web and mobile app with flexible schemas utilizing offline first architectures to avoid application downtime.

Db2 is a relational database with enterprise-grade performance. It provides multizone support allowing it to be run in a highly-available configuration.

In IBM Cloud, the responsibilities for managing the lifecycle of, operating, and securing products are shared between IBM® and the customer.

Explanation

An advantage for a business to use the pay-as-you-go model is cost savings.

Explanation

Hybrid cloud is simply the combination of public and private cloud environments working together to run your applications or workloads. Key tenets of all hybrid clouds: interoperability, scalability, portability, and security.

Question 31: 

Which statement is true regarding serverless computing?

A. Users are charged a low hourly rate during idle time for the serverless computing service

B. Implementations differ across service providers, and capabilities vary, including supported runtimes, authentication, scaling and monitoring

C. Serverless application are generally long-running (days or weeks) and maintain state or information across requests

D. Serverless is not well-suited for event processing or IOT

Answer: B

Explanation

Serverless computing is a cloud computing execution model that provisions computing resources on demand and offloads all responsibility for common infrastructure management tasks. They are auto-scalable so Its can handle extremely active traffic periods. Serverless computing does-not means there are no physical servers utilized, Of course there are servers, but we don't have to manage them, in background cloud provider manage( provisioning, scheduling, scaling, patching and more) for us, This gives developers more time to develop and optimize their front-end application code and business logic. And with serverless, customers never pay for idle capacity. They pay only for the resources required to run their applications, and only when those applications are running. Serverless is a polyglot environment, enabling developers to code in any language or framework - Java, Python, node.js - with which they're comfortable. Because serverless scales up and down on demand in response to workload, it offers significant cost savings for spiky workloads. But it does not offer the same savings for workloads characterized by predictable, steady or long-running processes; in these cases a traditional server environment might be simpler and more cost-effective. Serverless Implementations differ across service providers, and capabilities vary, including supported runtimes, authentication, scaling and monitoring. Serverless architectures are well-suited for event-driven, IOT and stream-processing workloads most notably open source Apache Kafka event streaming platform. Benefits: - Pay only for the time for our code will run. - Developer don't have to take care of servers or infrastructure, Its maintain by cloud provider, so they can focus more in development and business logic. - API Management & Integrated event sources. - Serverless scales up and down on demand in response to workload

Explanation

IBM Watson Studio allows you to train, deploy, and manage your AI models, and prepare and analyze information during a single integrated environment. Watson Studio contains a suite of tools that allow you to train Watson to best suit your needs. Using AutoAI, you can prepare data, develop data models, create features, and optimize hyper parameters without the need for coding. You can also use IBM SPSS Modeler to graphically design models.

Horizontal pod autoscaler enables customers to determine the minimum or the maximum number of pods to run the CPU and memory utilization the pods should utilize. The HPA automatically scales the workload to match the demand. When there is an increased workload, it deploys more pods. When there is a decrease in the workload, it communicates to the workload resource to scale back down.

Cloud computing is on-demand access, via the internet, to computing resources—applications, servers (physical servers and virtual servers), data storage, development tools, networking capabilities, and more—hosted at a remote data center managed by a cloud services provider (or CSP). The CSP makes these resources available for a monthly subscription fee or bills them according to usage. Compared to traditional on-premises IT, and depending on the cloud services you select, cloud computing helps do the following: Lower IT costs: Cloud lets you offload some or most of the costs and effort of purchasing, installing, configuring, and managing your own on-premises infrastructure. Improve agility and time-to-value: With cloud, your organization can start using enterprise applications in minutes, instead of waiting weeks or months for IT to respond to a request, purchase and configure supporting hardware, and install software. Cloud also lets you empower certain users—specifically developers and data scientists—to help themselves to software and support infrastructure. Scale more easily and cost-effectively: Cloud provides elasticity—instead of purchasing excess capacity that sits unused during slow periods, you can scale capacity up and down in response to spikes and dips in traffic. You can also take advantage of your cloud provider’s global network to spread your applications closer to users around the world.

Explanation

The International Data Corporation (IDC) predicts by 2025, the total amount of digital data created worldwide will rise to 163 zettabytes.

IBM Cloud® for VMware Solutions Shared uses VMware Cloud Director to enable you to extend your VMs to the cloud with ultimate capacity and scalability, while paying only for what is consumed. With IBM managing the infrastructure up to the hypervisor, you don’t need to worry about providing updates and patching, and instead can focus on application innovation. Use Cases : Development and test, Temporary workload migration, Cost-effective disaster recovery. Note : RTO is the maximum amount of time the organization can afford to be without access to the data or application. In other words, how quickly the customer needs to recover the data and application. RPO is the amount of data an organization can afford to lose and effectively dictates how frequently they need to back up their data to avoid losing more.

A transit gateway connects VPC resources across multiple regions. VPCs can be connected together with single or multiple transit gateways. As new networks are added to a transit gateway, they are automatically connected to other networks that are also connected to the gateway.

Virtualization is a process that allows for more efficient utilization of physical computer hardware and is the foundation of cloud computing.

Types of virtualization:

CPU (central processing unit) virtualization is the fundamental technology that makes hypervisors, virtual machines, and operating systems possible. It allows a single CPU to be divided into multiple virtual CPUs for use by multiple VMs.

Application virtualization runs application software without installing it directly on the user’s OS. This differs from complete desktop virtualization (mentioned above) because only the application runs in a virtual environment—the OS on the end user’s device runs as usual. There are three types of application virtualization:

Local application virtualization: The entire application runs on the endpoint device but runs in a runtime environment instead of on the native hardware.

Application streaming: The application lives on a server which sends small components of the software to run on the end user's device when needed.

Server-based application virtualization The application runs entirely on a server that sends only its user interface to the client device.

Data center virtualization abstracts most of a data center’s hardware into software, effectively enabling an administrator to divide a single physical data center into multiple virtual data centers for different clients.

Each client can access its own infrastructure as a service (IaaS), which would run on the same underlying physical hardware. Virtual data centers offer an easy on-ramp into cloud-based computing, letting a company quickly set up a complete data center environment without purchasing infrastructure hardware.

Identity and access management, or IAM is used to control access to resources.

Block storage is used to store data files on Storage Area Networks (SANs) or cloud-based storage environments. It can be attached to compute instance. Block Storage normally mounted onto only one compute node at a time. With block storage, you specify the size of the storage and pay a fee based on the size you provisioned.

When data is moved to block storage, the underlying SAN technology breaks the data into separate, uniform-sized pieces, or blocks. Each block will be given a unique identifier. The SAN will then place those blocks onto the physical storage, distributing them across several disks, often making multiple copies.

When a user or application requests data from a block storage system, the underlying SAN technology reassembles the data blocks and presents the data to the user or application.

Block storage decouples data from user environments. It allows data to be spread and duplicated across multiple storage devices, enabling faster retrieval and higher resilience to disk failures.

Benefits:

Provides the lowest latency: Block storage provides the lowest latency for network-based storage versus local disk drives in the server, Provide IOPS up to 48,000 IOPS.

High performing: Block storage is highly available and independent of the clients that access it. It remains available and durable regardless of client outages.

High redundancy: Network-based block storage is considered to have a higher level of redundancy compared to local disk storage.

Endurance and Performance tiers: Block storage has two tiers from which to choose. Volumes can be created from 20 GB to 12 TB in size.

Eight authorized hosts: Block storage allows eight authorized hosts (can request up to 64) to connect via the multipath IO (MPIO) iSCSI connection.

Snapshots: Block storage allows point-in-time non-disruptive “snapshots,” which can be replicated to a cross-regional data center as a duplicate volume.

Custom costs: Block storage allows monthly and hourly billing cycles.

Data-at-rest encryption: Block storage offers provider-managed encryption-at-rest. Note: Customer-managed encryption is not supported by IBM Classic Storage; however, customer-managed encryption keys can be stored

Use Cases :

⦾ As you have learned, block storage has a high performance and is easily updatable. Therefore, many organizations use it for transactional databases.

⦾ Because of its high performance and reliability, block storage is a common solution for storing emails.

⦾ Block storage suitable for low latency workloads where consistently high speeds required.

Application modernization : Application modernization is the process of taking existing legacy applications and modernizing their platform infrastructure, internal architecture, and/or feature. Application modernization is the process of migrating traditional applications to run in modern cloud environments.

IBM Watson Discovery is an award-winning AI-powered search technology that eliminates data silos and retrieves information buried inside enterprise data. It is an intelligent search service that delivers specific answers to questions while serving up an entire document for exploration.

Object Storage enable you to store and access unstructured data anywhere in the world with a self-service portal backed by RESTful APIs.

Object Storage supports exponential data growth and cloud-native workloads with built-in high-speed file transfer capabilities, cross-region offerings and integrated services.

Cloud object storage makes it possible to store practically limitless amounts of data, simply and cost effectively.

Example use cases of cloud object storage include:

- Backup and recovery

- Data archiving

- Cloud-native app data

- AI and analytics

Correct Answer : Hypervisor is a small software layer that enables multiple operating systems to run alongside each other. Hypervisor separates the VMs logically, assigning each its own slice of underlying computing power, memory, and storage. There are 2 types of Hypervisor : Type 1 & Type 2. Hosted is another name given to a Type 2 hypervisor. Type 2 Hypervisors : Run as an application in a host operating system, rather than in place of an operating system ⦿ Create a virtual machine and install a guest operating system on it ⦿ Assign physical resources to a virtual machine and set the amount of processor cores and memory it can use ⦿ Known as “hosted” ⦿ Mostly used for end-user virtualization, less frequently used, higher latency ⦿ Some examples are Oracle VirtualBox and VMware Workstation In-Correct Answers : Virtual Machine : A virtual machine is a virtual representation of physical computer, that behaves like an actual computer. Single Tenant : Sigle tenant means, used by single organization only. Bare metal server are single-tenant physical servers that are dedicated to a single customer. Bare metal servers fulfill the demanding needs of high-performance computing (HPC) and data intense applications. Use cases : Bare metal server are suitable for CPU and I/O intensive workloads.

Today answer this question, it's important to know cloud computing benefits Below are the benefits of cloud computing : Reduced IT costs, Scalability, Business continuity, Collaboration efficiency, Flexibility of work practices, Access to automatic updates. Best answer here is : Scalability and Cost-effectiveness

Kubernetes relies on YAML configuration files to maintain the application state.

Direct link offerings provide connectivity from external sources into a private cloud network. IBM Direct Link is a solution that provides a way to create direct, private connections between on-premises network environments and cloud resources without using the public internet. They are most commonly used to support private, hybrid, and cross provider workloads with large and frequent data transfers.

Explanation

IBM Watson Knowledge Catalog make your data easy to find and share while controlling access to ensure appropriate use. IBM Watson Knowledge Catalog drives collaboration and transforms information and AI into a trusted enterprise resource through dynamic data policies and requirements.

A region that is comprised of 3 or more zones that are independent from each other to ensure that single failure events affect only a single zone.

Explanation

F5 BIG-IP on IBM Cloud for VMware Solutions provides advanced load balancing, traffic management, and application security within your VMware cluster and directly attached to all of your networks.

IBM Cloud™ Internet Services is a simple set of edge network services for customers looking to secure their internet-facing applications from DDoS attacks, data theft and bot attacks, as well as for those customers needing to optimize their web applications, or ensure global responsiveness and the ongoing availability of their internet-facing applications.

The best answer here is Regulatory and compliance standards. The other Challenges and Perceived Risks of Cloud Computing are : •Data security •Governance and sovereignty issues •Lack of standardization

Correct Answer: Block storage stores data by breaking it into evenly sized blocks, which is written to disk. The data stored is highly available because each block is stored multiple times across different disks. Block storage is used for computing situations where users require fast, efficient, and reliable data storage Block storage can be deployed on a Virtual Private Cloud (VPC) or classic environments.

Explanation

Block storage is used to store data files on Storage Area Networks (SANs) or cloud-based storage environments. It can be attached to compute instance. Block Storage normally mounted onto only one compute node at a time. With block storage, you specify the size of the storage and pay a fee based on the size you provisioned. Use Cases: Block storage suitable for low latency workloads where consistently high speeds required. Features: -Offer volume size from 20 GB to 12 TB, -Provide encryption for data at rest -Provide IOPS upto 48,000 IOPS -Highly available and resilient.

IBM Cloud® Pak's are AI-powered software. Using IBM Cloud® Pak's customers are automating, predicting and optimizing business processes and modernizing business models at a faster pace without compromising capabilities, security and resiliency.

IBM Cloud offers IBM Cloud® Pak's for following:

IBM Cloud Pak® for Network Automation: Automate networks to deliver zero-touch operations.

IBM Cloud Pak® for Security: Generate deeper insights into threats and orchestrate actions for scalability and automated responses.

IBM Cloud Pak® for Business Automation: Automate business operations to achieve better performance.

IBM Cloud Pak® for Data: Unify cloud storage and simplify the collection, organization and analysis of data.

Correct Answers : The Essential Characteristics of Cloud Computing according to NIST : On-demand self-service : A consumer can unilaterally provision computing capabilities, such as server time and network storage, as needed automatically without requiring human interaction with each service provider. Broad network access : Capabilities are available over the network and accessed through standard mechanisms that promote use by heterogeneous thin or thick client platforms (e.g., mobile phones, tablets, laptops, and workstations). Resource pooling: The provider’s computing resources are pooled to serve multiple consumers using a multi-tenant model, with different physical and virtual resources dynamically assigned and reassigned according to consumer demand. There is a sense of location independence in that the customer generally has no control or knowledge over the exact location of the provided resources but may be able to specify location at a higher level of abstraction (e.g., country, state, or datacenter). Examples of resources include storage, processing, memory, and network bandwidth. Rapid elasticity: Capabilities can be elastically provisioned and released, in some cases automatically, to scale rapidly outward and inward commensurate with demand. To the consumer, the capabilities available for provisioning often appear to be unlimited and can be appropriated in any quantity at any time. Measured service : Cloud systems automatically control and optimize resource use by leveraging a metering capability at some level of abstraction appropriate to the type of service (e.g., storage, processing, bandwidth, and active user accounts). Resource usage can be monitored, controlled, and reported, providing transparency for both the provider and consumer of the utilized service. Self diagnosis: It's self made option, added for distraction.