HPE7-A01 Sample Questions Answers

https://www.arubanetworks.com/techdocs/Instant_85_WebHelp/Content/instant-ug/wlan-ssid-conf/conf-fast-roam.htm

802.11k is a standard that provides mechanisms for APs and clients to dynamically measure the available radio resources in a wireless network. 802.11k defines radio resource management (RRM) functions, such as neighbor reports, link measurement, beacon reports, etc., that allow APs and clients to exchange information about the RF environment and make better roaming decisions. The other options are incorrect because they describe other standards, such as 802.11r, 802.11v, or 802.11ax. References: https://www.arubanetworks.com/assets/wp/WP_WiFi6.pdf https://www.arubanetworks.com/assets/ds/DS_AP510Series.pdf

802.11mc is a standard that uses Round Trip Time (RTT) and Fine Time Measurements (FTM) to calculate the distance a client is from an AP. 802.11mc defines a protocol for exchanging FTM frames between an AP and a client, which contain timestamps that indicate when the frames were transmitted and received. By measuring the RTT of these frames, the AP or the client can estimate their distance based on the speed of light. The other options are incorrect because they either do not use RTT or FTM or do not exist as standards. References: https://www.arubanetworks.com/assets/wp/WP_WiFi6.pdf https://www.arubanetworks.com/assets/ds/DS_AP510Series.pdf

QoS concept: Class of Service Definition: 3) A method for classifying network traffic using access categories based on the IEEE 802.11e QoS standards

QoS concept: Differentiated services Definition: 2) A method for classifying network traffic at layer-3 or marking packets with one of 64 different service classes

QoS concept: WMM Definition: 4) A method for classifying network traffic using access categories based on the IEEE 802.11e QoS standards

The reason is that ClearPass OnBoard is a tool that allows you to enroll Mac computers into a ClearPass Policy Manager site using an Apple MDM push certificate. This certificate can be obtained from Apple or from a third-party PKI provider.

Apple Configurator is a tool that allows you to configure and deploy Mac computers using a GPO. This tool can also be used to enroll Mac computers into a ClearPass Policy Manager site using an Apple MDM push certificate.

To create a new OSPF configuration for a separate routing table, you need to create a new OSPF process ID with vrf name. This will create a new OSPF instance that is associated with the specified VRF and its routing table. The other options are incorrect because they either do not create a new OSPF instance or do not associate it with a VRF. References: https://www.arubanetworks.com/techdocs/AOS-CX/10.04/HTML/5200-6728/bk01-ch02.html https://www.arubanetworks.com/techdocs/AOS-CX/10.04/HTML/5200-6728/bk01-ch03.html

The correct action to fix the issue is C. Change the SSID to WPA3-Enhanced Open.

WPA3-OWE is not a valid SSID type in Central. OWE stands for Opportunistic Wireless Encryption, and it is a feature that provides encryption for open networks without requiring authentication. OWE is also known as Enhanced Open, and it is one of the options for WPA3 SSIDs in Central1.

According to the Aruba document Configuring WLAN Settings for an SSID Profile, one of the steps to configure a WPA3 SSID is:

• Select the Security Level from the drop-down list. The following options are available:

The other options are incorrect because:

• A. WPA3-Enterprise (CNSA) is a valid SSID type, but it requires 802.1X authentication with a RADIUS server, which may not be suitable for the company’s use case.
• B. WPA3-Personal is a valid SSID type, but it requires a passphrase to join the network, which may not be suitable for the company’s use case.
• D. WPA3-Enterprise (CCM) is a valid SSID type, but it requires 802.1X authentication with a RADIUS server, which may not be suitable for the company’s use case.

MPSK Local is a feature that can reduce the IT administration overhead associated with deploying devices that do not support 802.1X authentication while maintaining a secure environment. MPSK Local allows the switch to automatically generate and assign unique pre-shared keys for devices based on their MAC addresses, without requiring any configuration on the devices or an external authentication server. The other options are incorrect because they either require manual intervention by the installers or the MPSK gateway, or they do not provide unique pre-shared keys for devices. References: https://www.arubanetworks.com/techdocs/AOS-CX_10_08/UG/bk01-ch05.html https://www.arubanetworks.com/techdocs/AOS-CX_10_08/UG/bk01-ch06.html

VSX clustering is a feature that allows two Aruba CX switches to operate as a single logical device, providing high availability, scalability, and simplified management. VSX clustering has several benefits over spanning tree configuration, such as:

• Dual control plane provides better resiliency. Unlike stacking, where switches share a single control plane, VSX switches have independent control planes that synchronize their states over an inter-switch link (ISL). This means that if one switch fails or reboots, the other switch can continue to operate without affecting traffic flows or network services.
• Active-active forwarding provides better performance. Unlike spanning tree, where some links are blocked to prevent loops, VSX switches use all available links for forwarding traffic, providing load balancing and increased bandwidth utilization.
• Multichassis LAG provides better redundancy. Unlike single-chassis LAG, where all member ports belong to one switch, VSX switches can form multichassis LAGs with downstream or upstream devices, where member ports are distributed across both switches. This provides link redundancy and seamless failover in case of switch or port failure.

References: https://www.arubanetworks.com/assets/tg/TG_VSX.pdf

Option C is the correct configuration to ensure that APs will work properly. It uses the ap command to configure a port profile for APs with VLAN 100 as the native VLAN and VLAN 200 and 300 as tagged VLANs. It also enables LLDP on the ports to discover the APs and assign them to the port profile automatically. The other options are incorrect because they either do not use the ap command, do not enable LLDP, or do not configure the VLANs correctly. References: https://www.arubanetworks.com/techdocs/AOS-CX_10_08/UG/bk01-ch02.html https://www.arubanetworks.com/techdocs/AOS-CX_10_08/UG/bk01-ch03.html

configures DHCP snooping on the switch and enables it for VLANs 100, 110, and 120. It also specifies the IP address of the authorized DHCP server and sets the ports connected to the server as trusted. This prevents any unauthorized DHCP server from providing invalid configuration data to the clients on those VLANs. Option B also enables DHCP option-82, which adds information about the switch port and VLAN to the DHCP packets, allowing for more granular control and logging of DHCP transactions.

The show aaa authentication port-access interface all client-status command displays the status of all clients authenticated by port-based access control on all interfaces. The output includes the MAC address, user role, VLAN ID, and session timeout for each client. This command can be used to examine information on which role the guest user has been assigned by the AOS-CX switch. References: https://techhub.hpe.com/eginfolib/Aruba/OS-CX_10.04/5200-6692/GUID-9B8F6E8F-9C7A-4F0D-AE7B-9D8E6C5B6A7F.html

MAC Caching is a feature that allows a guest user to bypass the captive portal page after the first authentication based on their MAC address1 MAC Caching can be enabled under the splash page settings in Aruba Cloud Guest2 MAC Caching can improve the user experience and reduce the network overhead by eliminating the need for repeated authentication.

Opportunistic Wireless Encryption (OWE) is a feature that provides encryption for open wireless networks without requiring authentication. OWE uses an enhanced version of the 4-way handshake to establish a pairwise key between the client and the AP, which is then used to encrypt the wireless traffic using WPA2 or WPA3 protocols. OWE can be used for visitor networks where encryption is needed but authentication is not required. References: https://www.arubanetworks.com/assets/tg/TG_OWE.pdf

The other options either use more commands or do not create the VRF or the VLAN.

Option C uses the following commands:

• vrf eng: This command creates a VRF named eng and enters the VRF configuration mode1.
• vlan 25: This command creates a VLAN with ID 25 and enters the VLAN configuration mode2.
• interface vlan 25: This command creates an SVI on VLAN 25 and enters the interface configuration mode3.
• ip address 10.105.43.1/24 ipv6 address fd00:5780::102d:4df6/64 vrf attach eng: This command assigns an IPv4 address of 10.105.43.1 with a subnet mask of 255.255.255.0 and an IPv6 address of fd00:5780::102d:4df6 with a prefix length of 64 to the SVI, and attaches it to the VRF eng.

The correct answer is B. sysops.

The sysops user role is a predefined role that allows users to perform system operations on the switch, such as backup, restore, upgrade, or reboot. The sysops user role also has access to the PUT and POST methods for REST API, which can be used to modify the switch configuration. The sysops user role has a privilege level of 15, which is the highest level of access on the switch1.

The other options are incorrect because:

• A. sysadmin: The sysadmin user role is a predefined role that allows users to view and modify the switch configuration using the CLI or the Web UI. The sysadmin user role does not have access to the REST API methods, and cannot perform firmware upgrades1.
• C. administrators: The administrators user role is a predefined role that has full access to all switch configuration information and all REST API methods. This role is more than what the Director of Security requires1.
• D. config: The config user role is a predefined role that allows users to view and modify the switch configuration using the CLI or the Web UI. The config user role does not have access to the REST API methods, and cannot perform firmware upgrades1.

To onboard a new UXI in an existing environment with 802.1X authentication, you need to use the UXI app on your smartphone and connect the UXI via Bluetooth. The UXI app allows you to scan the QR code on the UXI sensor and configure its network settings, such as SSID, password, IP address, etc. The Bluetooth connection allows you to communicate with the UXI sensor without requiring any network access or cellular connection. The other options are incorrect because they either do not use the UXI app or do not use Bluetooth. References: https://www.arubanetworks.com/products/network-management-operations/analytics-monitoring/user-experience-insight-sensors/ https://help.centralon-prem.arubanetworks.com/2.5.4/documentation/online_help/content/nms-on-prem/aos-cx/get-started/uxi-sensor.htm

To configure an IP address for an interface in default state for interface 1/1/1 on Aruba CX 6300 switch, you need to disable switching on the interface first with the command no switching. Then you can assign an IP address with the command ip address. The other options are incorrect because they either do not disable switching or use invalid keywords such as switching or routing. References: https://www.arubanetworks.com/techdocs/AOS-CX_10_08/UG/bk01-ch01.html https://www.arubanetworks.com/techdocs/AOS-CX_10_08/UG/bk01-ch02.html

Active gateway is a first hop redundancy protocol that eliminates a single point of failure. The active gateway feature is used to increase the availability of the default gateway servicing hosts on the same subnet. An active gateway improves the reliability and performance of the host network by enabling a virtual router to act as the default gateway for that network. If you have enabled active gateway, VRRP is not required3. Active gateway is similar to VRRP in that routed traffic from the VSX node is sourced from the switch interface MAC and not the virtual MAC address (VMAC). Each active gateway sends a periodic broadcast hello packet to avoid VMAC aging on the access switches. The switch views the active gateway IP as a self IP address3. Active gateway is preferable over VRRP because with VRRP traffic is still pushed over the ISL link, resulting in latency in the network3. Therefore, VRRP and active gateway are mutually exclusive on a VLAN, and answer A is correct.

References: 1: Aruba Campus Access documents and learning resources 3: Active gateway over VSX - Aruba

The Equivalent Isotropic Radiated Power (EIRP) is the measured radiated power of an antenna in a specific direction. It is also called Equivalent Isotropic Radiated Power. It is the output power when a signal is concentrated into a smaller area by the Antenna. The EIRP can take into account the losses in transmission line, connectors and includes the gain of the antenna. It is represented in dB2. The formula for EIRP is:

EIRP=PT−Lc+Ga

where PT is the output power of the transmitter in dBm, Lc is the cable and connector loss in dB, and Ga is the antenna gain in dBi.

For AP1, the EIRP can be calculated as:

EIRP=16−4+8=20 dBm

Therefore, the answer B is correct.

References: 1: Aruba Campus Access documents and learning resources 2: EIRP Calculator - Effective Isotropic Radiated Power

The reason is that the linkup delay timer is a feature that delays bringing downstream VSX links up, following a VSX device reboot or an ISL flap. The linkup delay timer has two phases: initial synchronization phase and link-up delay phase.

The initial synchronization phase is the download phase where the rebooted node learns all the LACP+MAC+ARP+STP database entries from its VSX peer through ISLP. The initial synchronization timer, which is not configurable, is the required time to download the database information from the peer.

The link-up delay phase is the duration for installing the downloaded entries to the ASIC, establishing router adjacencies with core nodes and learning upstream routes. The link-up delay timer default value is 180 seconds. Depending on the network size, ARP/routing tables size, you might be required to set the timer to a higher value (maximum 600 seconds).

When both VSX devices reboot, the link-up delay timer is not used.

Therefore, by configuring the linkup delay timer to include LAGs 101 and 102, which are part of the same VSX device as LAG 201, you can ensure that both devices have enough time to synchronize their databases and form routing adjacencies before bringing down their downstream links.

To establish a keepalive connection between two Aruba CX 8325 switches for VSX configuration, you need to use a routed port in custom VRF. A routed port is a physical port that acts as a layer 3 interface and does not belong to any VLAN. A custom VRF is a virtual routing and forwarding instance that provides logical separation of routing tables. By using a routed port in custom VRF, you can isolate the keepalive traffic from other traffic and prevent routing loops or conflicts. The other options are incorrect because they either do not use a routed port or do not use a custom VRF. References: https://www.arubanetworks.com/techdocs/AOS-CX/10.04/HTML/5200-6728/bk01-ch07.html https://www.arubanetworks.com/techdocs/AOS-CX/10.04/HTML/5200-6728/bk01-ch02.html

Change of Authorization (CoA) is a feature that allows ClearPass Policy Manager (CPPM) to send messages to network devices such as switches to change the authorization state of a user session. CoA requires that both CPPM and the network device support this feature and have it enabled. For AOS-CX switches, CoA must be globally enabled using the command radius-server coa enable. If CoA is not enabled on the switch, the disconnect CoA message from CPPM will be ignored and the user session will not be terminated. References: https://www.arubanetworks.com/techdocs/ClearPass/6.7/PolicyManager/index.htm#CPPM_UserGuide/Admin/ChangeOfAuthorization.htm https://techhub.hpe.com/eginfolib/Aruba/OS-CX_10.04/5200-6692/GUID-9B8F6E8F-9C7A-4F0D-AE7B-9D8E6C5B6A7F.html

This is because Best Effort traffic is all other kinds of non-detrimental traffic that are not sensitive to Quality of Service metrics (jitter, packet loss, latency). A typical example would be peer-to-peer and email applications2. Background traffic is a type of traffic that is used for system maintenance or backup purposes and does not affect the performance or availability of the network3.

Therefore, Best Effort traffic has a higher priority than Background traffic in terms of network resources allocation and management.

1: https://www.arubanetworks.com/techdocs/ArubaDocPortal/content/docportal.htm  2: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/33854306/best-effort-traffic-and-real-time-traffic-difference  3: https://www.informit.com/articles/article.aspx?p=25315 &seqNum=4

OCSP is a protocol that allows clients to query the CA or a trusted responder for the status of a specific certificate. OCSP requests and responses are smaller and faster than CRLs, and they can provide real-time information about the revocation status of a certificate12. CRLs are lists of all revoked certificates that are downloaded from the CA. CRLs can present issues, as they can become outdated and have to be downloaded frequently13. Therefore, OCSP reduces latency between the time a certificate is revoked and validation reflects this status. References: 1 https://sectigostore.com/blog/ocsp-vs-crl-whats-the-difference/  2 https://www.keyfactor.com/blog/what-is-a-certificate-revocation-list-crl-vs-ocsp/  3 https://www.fortinet.com/resources/cyberglossary/ocsp

MPSK Local is a feature that can be used to set up 15 headless IoT devices that do not support 802.1X authentication. MPSK Local allows the switch to automatically generate and assign unique pre-shared keys for devices based on their MAC addresses, without requiring any configuration on the devices or an external authentication server. The other options are incorrect because they either require 802.1X authentication, which is not supported by the IoT devices, or WPA3 encryption, which is not supported by Aruba CX switches. References: https://www.arubanetworks.com/techdocs/AOS-CX/10.04/HTML/5200-6728/bk01-ch05.html https://www.arubanetworks.com/techdocs/AOS-CX/10.04/HTML/5200-6728/bk01-ch06.html

The auditors role is the default AOS-CX user role that meets the requirements of having Web UI access to the System > Log page and having access to the GET method for REST API for the /logs/event resource. The auditors role has a level of 1 and allows read-only access to most commands except those related to security or passwords. It also allows access to the Web UI and REST API with limited permissions. The other options are incorrect because they either have higher levels of access or do not allow access to the Web UI or REST API. References: https://www.arubanetworks.com/techdocs/AOS-CX/10.04/HTML/5200-6728/bk01-ch01.html https://www.arubanetworks.com/techdocs/AOS-CX/10.04/HTML/5200-6728/bk01-ch04.html

The default management role that should have been assigned for the user is B. operators.

The operators user role is a predefined role that allows users to view nonsensitive configuration information on the switch, such as interfaces, VLANs, routing protocols, statistics, and more. The operators user role has a privilege level of 1, which is the lowest level of access on the switch1.

The administrators user role is a predefined role that has full access to all switch configuration information and all REST API methods. This role is more than what the Director of Security requires1.

These are the correct requirements to ensure that WMM (Wi-Fi Multimedia) is working effectively. WMM is a standard that provides quality of service (QoS) for wireless networks by prioritizing traffic into four categories: voice, video, best effort, and background. To use WMM, both the APs and the controller must be Wi-Fi CERTIFIED for WMM, which means they have passed interoperability tests and comply with the standard. WMM must also be enabled on the APs and the controller, which is usually the default setting. The client device must also be Wi-Fi CERTIFIED for WMM and configured for WMM marking, which means it can tag its traffic with the appropriate priority level based on the application type. The other options are incorrect because they are either not related to WMM or not required for WMM to work. References: https://www.arubanetworks.com/techdocs/ArubaOS_86_Web_Help/Content/arubaos-solutions/wlan-qos/wmm.htm https://www.wi-fi.org/discover-wi-fi/wi-fi-certified-wmm

This is the most likely cause of the issue where the access points in a Microbranch group are online in Aruba Central, but no VPN tunnels are forming. A Microbranch group is a group that contains both APs and Gateways and allows them to form VPN tunnels for secure communication. The VPN tunnels use GRE (Generic Routing Encapsulation) as the encapsulation protocol and IPSec as the encryption protocol. If there is a firewall blocking GRE traffic between the AP and the gateway, the VPN tunnels cannot be established. The other options are incorrect because they either do not affect the VPN tunnel formation or do not apply to a Microbranch group. References: https://www.arubanetworks.com/techdocs/ArubaOS_86_Web_Help/Content/arubaos-solutions/gateways/microbranch.htm https://www.arubanetworks.com/assets/tg/TB_ArubaGateway.pdf

AOS 10 Gateways can have the following personas: Mobility, Branch, and VPN Concentrator1 However, the Mobility persona is only available when configuring a Gateway-only group, which is a group that contains only one gateway device2 The Mobility persona provides Overlay WLAN and (or) wired LAN functionalities for campus networks1 The Branch persona provides the Aruba Instant OS and SD-Branch (LAN + WAN) functionality for branch and microbranch networks1 The VPN Concentrator persona provides VPN termination and routing functionality for remote access networks3 The Edge persona is not a valid option, as it is not a supported device persona for AOS 10 Gateways.