Two independent ArubaOS-CX 6300 switches with Spanning Tree (STP) settings are interconnected with two cables between ports 1/1/1 and 1/1/2 All four ports have "no shutdown" and "no routing" commands
How will STP forward or discard traffic on these ports?
The switch with the lower MAC address will forward on both ports, while the switch with the higher MAC address will forward on both ports
The switch with the lower MAC address will forward on both ports, while the switch with the higher MAC address will discard on one port
The switch with the lower MAC address will discard on one port, while the switch with the higher MAC address will forward on both ports
The switch with the lower MAC address will discard on one port, while the switch with the higher MAC address will discard on one port
The way that STP Spanning Tree Protocol. STP is a network protocol that ensures a loop-free topology for any bridged Ethernet local area network by preventing redundant paths between switches or bridges from creating loops that cause broadcast storms, multiple frame transmission, and MAC table instability. STP creates a logical tree structure that spans all of the switches in an extended network and blocks any redundant links that are not part of the tree from forwarding data packets3. will forward or discard traffic on these ports is as follows:
References: 3 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanning_Tree_Protocol
A network technician has successfully connected to the employee SSID via 802 1X Which RADIUS message should you look for to ensure a successful connection?
Authorized
Access-Accept
Success
Authenticated
The RADIUS message that you should look for to ensure a successful connection via 802.1X is Access-Accept. This message indicates that the RADIUS server has authenticated and authorized the supplicant (the device that wants to access thenetwork) and has granted it access to the network resources. The Access-Accept message may also contain additional attributes such as VLAN ID, session timeout, or filter ID that specify how the authenticator (the device that controls access to the network, such as a switch) should treat the supplicant’s traffic.
The other options are not RADIUS messages because:
References: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RADIUS#Access-Accept https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/support/docs/security-vpn/remote-authentication-dial-user-service-radius/13838-10.html https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IEEE_802.1X#Port-based_network_access_control https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extensible_Authentication_Protocol#EAP_exchange
Match the appropriate QoS concept with its definition.
QoS Quality of Service (QoS) is a set of techniques that manage network resources and provide different levels of service to different types of traffic based on their requirements. QoS can improve network performance, reduce latency, increase throughput, and prevent congestion. concept and its definition. Here is my answer:
QoS Concept:
d) A method where traffic is treated equally in a first-come, first-served manner a) A method for classifying network traffic at Layer 2 by marking 802.1Q VLAN Ethernet frames with one of eight service classes b) A method for classifying network traffic at Layer 3 by marking packets with one of 64 different service classes c) A method for classifying network traffic using access categories based on the IEEE 802.11e QoS standard
Short But Comprehensive Explanation of Correct Answer Only: The correct match between QoS concept and its definition is as follows:
References: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quality_of_service https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/td/docs/ios-xml/ios/qos_dfsrv/configuration/xe-16/qos-dfsrv-xe-16-book/qos-dfsrv-overview.html https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/support/docs/quality-of-service-qos/qos-packet-marking/10103-dscpvalues.html https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/support/docs/wireless-mobility/wireless-lan-wlan/81831-qos-wlan.html https://www.wi-fi.org/discover-wi-fi/wi-fi-certified-wmm
What does WPA3-Personal use as the source to generate a different Pairwise Master Key (PMK) each time a station connects to the wireless network?
Session-specific information (MACs and nonces)
Opportunistic Wireless Encryption (OWE)
Simultaneous Authentication of Equals (SAE)
Key Encryption Key (KEK)
The source that WPA3-Personal uses to generate a different Pairwise Master Key (PMK) each time a station connects to the wireless network is session-specific information (MACs and nonces). WPA3-Personal uses Simultaneous Authentication of Equals (SAE) to replace PSK authentication in WPA2-Personal. SAE is a secure key establishment protocol that uses a Diffie-Hellman key exchange to derive a shared secret between two parties without revealing it to an eavesdropper. SAE involves the following steps:
The SAE PMK is different for each session because it depends on the MAC addresses and nonces that are exchanged in each authentication process. The SAE PMK is used as an input for the 4-way handshake that generates the Pairwise Temporal Key (PTK) for encrypting data frames.
The other options are not sources that WPA3-Personal uses to generate a different PMK each time a station connects to the wireless network because:
References: https://www.wi-fi.org/discover-wi-fi/wi-fi-certified-6e https://www.wi-fi.org/file/wi-fi-alliance-unlicensed-spectrum-in-the-us https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/products/collateral/wireless/catalyst-9100ax-access-points/wpa3-dep-guide-og.html https://info.support.huawei.com/info-finder/encyclopedia/en/WPA3.html https://rp.os3.nl/2019-2020/p99/presentation.pdf
List the WPA 4-Way Handshake functions in the correct order.
What is the ideal Aruba access switch for a cost-effective connection to 200-380 clients, printers and APs per distribution rack?
Aruba CX 6400
Aruba CX 6200
Aruba CX 6300
Aruba CX 6000
The ideal Aruba access switch for a cost-effective connection to 200-380 clients, printers and APs per distribution rack is the Aruba CX 6200. This switch series is a cloud-manageable, stackable access switch series that is ideal for enterprise branch offices and campus networks, as well as SMBs. The CX 6200 series offers the following benefits:
The other options are not ideal because:
References: https://www.arubanetworks.com/products/switches/access/ https://www.arubanetworks.com/products/switches/access/6200-series/ https://www.arubanetworks.com/products/switches/access/6400-series/ https://www.arubanetworks.com/products/switches/access/6300-series/ https://www.arubanetworks.com/products/switches/access/6000-series/
Which Protocol Data Unit (PDU) represents the data link layer PDU?
PDU1 - Signal
PDU2 - Frame
PDU3 - Packet
PDU4 - Segment
A frame is the data link layer PDU that encapsulates the network layer PDU (packet) with a header and a trailer that contain information such as source and destination MAC addresses, frame type, error detection, etc. A frame is transmitted over a physical medium such asEthernet, Wi-Fi, etc. References:https://www.arubanetworks.com/techdocs/ArubaOS_86_Web_Help/Content/arubaos-solutions/1-overview/networking-basics.htm
What does the status of "ALFOE" mean when checking LACP with "show lacp interfaces'"?
The interface on the local switch is configured as static-LAG
LACP is not configured on the peer side
LACP is in a synchronizing process
LACP is working fine with no problems
The status of “ALFOE” means that LACP Link Aggregation Control Protocol (LACP) is a network protocol that provides dynamic negotiation of link aggregation between two devices. LACP allows multiple physical links to be combined into a single logical link for increased bandwidth, redundancy, and load balancing. LACP is defined in IEEE 802.3ad standard. is working fine with no problems when checking LACP with “show lacp interfaces”. The status of “ALFOE” is an acronym that stands for:
The other options are not correct because:
References: https://www.arubanetworks.com/techdocs/AOS-CX_10_08/NOSCG/Content/cx-noscg/lag/lag-overview.htm https://www.arubanetworks.com/techdocs/AOS-CX_10_08/NOSCG/Content/cx-noscg/lag/lag-lacp.htm https://www.arubanetworks.com/techdocs/AOS-CX_10_08/NOSCG/Content/cx-noscg/lag/lag-lacp-status.htm
Which Aruba technology will allow for device-specific passphrases to securely add headless devices to the WLAN?
Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP)
Multiple Pre-Shared Key (MPSK)
Opportunistic Wireless Encryption (OWE)
Temporal Key Integrity Protocol (TKIP)
Multiple Pre-Shared Key (MPSK) is a feature that allows device-specific or group-specific passphrases to securely add headless devices to the WLAN Wireless Local Area Network. WLAN is a wireless computer network that links two or more devices using wireless communication to form a local area network (LAN) within a limited area such as a home, school, computer laboratory, campus, or office building. . MPSK enhances the WPA2 PSK Wi-Fi Protected Access 2 Pre-Shared Key. WPA2 PSK is a method of securing your network using WPA2 with the use of the optional Pre-Shared Key (PSK) authentication, which was designed for home users without an enterprise authentication server. mode by allowing different PSKs for different devices on the same SSID Service Set Identifier. SSID is a case-sensitive, 32 alphanumeric character unique identifier attached to the header of packets sent over a wireless local-area network (WLAN). The SSID acts as a password when a mobile device tries to connect to the basic service set (BSS) — a component of the IEEE 802.11 WLAN architecture. . MPSK passwords can be generated or user-created and are managed by ClearPass Policy Manager12. References: 1 https://blogs.arubanetworks.com/solutions/simplify-iot-authentication-with-multiple-pre-shared-keys/ 2 https://www.arubanetworks.com/techdocs/ClearPass/6.8/Guest/Content/AdministrationTasks1/Configuring-MPSK.htm
Based on the given topology, what is the requirement on an Aruba switch to enable LLDP messages to be received by Switch 1 port 1/1/24. when Router 1 is enabled with LLDP?
LLDP is enabled by default
global configuration lldp enable
int 1/1/24, lldp receive
int 1/1/24, no cdp
LLDP Link Layer Discovery Protocol. LLDP is a vendor-neutral link layer protocol used by network devices for advertising their identity, capabilities, and neighbors on a local area network. is enabled by default on Aruba switches, but it can be disabled on a per-port basis using the no lldp command. To enable LLDP messages to be received by Switch 1 port 1/1/24, you need to enter the interface configuration mode for that port and use the lldp receive command. References:https://www.arubanetworks.com/techdocs/ArubaOS_86_Web_Help/Content/arubaos-solutions/lldp/lldp.htm
The noise floor measures 000000001 milliwatts, and the receiver's signal strength is -65dBm. What is the Signal to Noise Ratio?
35 dBm
15 dBm
45 dBm
25 dBm
The signal to noise ratio (SNR) is a measure that compares the level of a desired signal to the level of background noise. SNR is defined as the ratio of signal power to the noise power, often expressed in decibels (dB). A high SNR means that the signal is clear and easy to detect or interpret, while a low SNR means that the signal is corrupted or obscured by noise and may be difficult to distinguish or recover3. To calculate the SNR in dB, we can use the following formula:
SNR (dB) = Signal power (dBm) - Noise power (dBm)
In this question, we are given that the noise floor measures -90 dBm (0.000000001 milliwatts) and the receiver’s signal strength is -65 dBm (0.000316 milliwatts). Therefore, we can plug these values into the formula and get:
SNR (dB) = -65 dBm - (-90 dBm) SNR (dB) = -65 dBm + 90 dBm SNR (dB) = 25 dBm
Therefore, the correct answer is that the SNR is 25 dBm.
References: 3 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Signal-to-noise_ratio
You are in a meeting with a customer where you are asked to explain the network redundancy feature Multiple Spanning Tree (MSTP). What is the correct statement for this feature?
MSTP configuration ID revision by default as current MSTP root priority
MSTP configuration ID name by default using switch IMC address
MSTP configuration ID name by default using switch serial number
MSTP configuration ID revision by default as switch serial number
MSTP Multiple Spanning Tree Protocol. MSTP is an IEEE standard protocol for preventing loops in a network with multiple VLANs. MSTP allows multiple VLANs to be mapped to a reduced number of spanning-tree instances. configuration ID consists of two parameters: name and revision. The name is a 32-byte ASCII string that identifies the MSTP region, which is a group of switches that share the same configuration ID and VLAN-to-instance mapping. The revision is a 16-bit number that indicates the version of the configuration ID. By default, the MSTP configuration ID name is set to the switch IMC address, which is a unique identifier derived from the MAC address Media Access Control address. MAC address is a unique identifier assigned to a network interface controller (NIC) for use as a network address in communications within a network segment. of the switch. References:https://www.arubanetworks.com/techdocs/ArubaOS_86_Web_Help/Content/arubaos-solutions/mstp/mstp.htm
Match the feature to the Aruba OS version (Matches may be used more than once.)
Features: 1) Clustered Instant Access Points Aruba OS version: a) Aruba OS 8
Features: 2) Dynamic Radius Proxy Aruba OS version: a) Aruba OS 8
Features: 3) Scales to more than 10,000 devices Aruba OS version: b) Aruba OS 10
Features: 4) Unifies wired and wireless management Aruba OS version: a) Aruba OS 8
Features: 5) Wireless controllers Aruba OS version: a) Aruba OS 8
ArubaOS is the operating system for all Aruba Mobility Controllers (MCs) and controller-managed wireless access points (APs). ArubaOS 8 delivers unified wired and wireless access, seamless roaming, enterprise grade security, and a highly available network with the required reliability to support high density environments1. Some of the features of ArubaOS 8 are:
ArubaOS 10 is the next-generation operating system that works with Aruba Central, a cloud-based network management platform. ArubaOS 10 delivers greater scalability, security, and AI-powered optimization across large campuses, branches, and remote work environments. Some of the features of ArubaOS 10 are:
Both ArubaOS 8 and ArubaOS 10 share some common features, such as:
Describe the purpose of the administrative distance
Routes teamed via external BGP have a higher administrative distance than routes learned via OSPF
The administrative distance is used as a trust rating tor route entries
The administrative distance for a static route is 10
The higher administrative distance is preferred
TESTED 29 Apr 2024