H19-308_V4.0 Sample Questions Answers

Huawei OceanProtect incorporates specialized algorithms to achieve industry-leading backup and recovery speeds. Source deduplication (Option A) is a primary performance driver because it filters out redundant data at the source, ensuring that only new data blocks are transmitted, which directly reduces the time required to complete a backup job.

Adaptive data locality rearrangement (Option D)is a unique feature that optimizes how data is written to and read from the physical disks within the OceanProtect array. During the backup process, the system calculates data dispersion in real-time and arranges data blocks on the disks to ensure they are stored sequentially. This is critical because it allows for high-speed sequential reads duringdata recovery, significantly improving the performance of HDDs which typically struggle with random I/O. While media deduplication (Option B) and secure snapshots (Option C) are essential for storage efficiency and security, they are not the primary features credited with the raw performance "leap" in backup and recovery speed.

To meet the customer's requirement for departmental isolation and resource control, Huawei recommends the combination of Multi-tenancy (Option C) and Quotas (Option D).12

Multi-tenancyis the foundational feature for iso3lation in Huawei object storage. It allows the physical storage system to be logically partitioned into multip4le "Tenants". Each department can be assigned its own tenant environment with its own set of users, access keys, and buckets. Data is logically isolated, meaning one department cannot see or access the data of another unless explicitly permitted.

Quotamanagement is then used to limit the capacity consumed by each department. In Huawei OceanStor Pacific, quotas can be applied at the Tenant level or the Bucket level. By setting a Tenant Quota, the administrator ensures that a specific department does not exceed its allocated budget of storage space, preventing one department from exhausting the resources of the entire system. While Replication (Option A) and WORM (Option B) are valuable for data protection, they do not address the specific needs of departmental isolation and capacity limiting.

Huawei OceanStor Dorado supports Non-disruptive Upgrade (NDU), which allows the storage system’s software (firmware) to be upgraded while services are running. In a traditional storage environment, an upgrade might require a system reboot or cause a failover that interrupts I/O for several seconds or minutes. However, Dorado's NDU leverages the multi-controller architecture and advanced caching mechanisms.

During an NDU, the system upgrades controllers one by one or in batches. While one controller is being upgraded and rebooted, its workloads are transparently taken over by other active controllers in the same cluster. Because the host-side multipathing software handles the path failover and the storage system maintains cache mirroring, the application servers experience zero downtime and negligible performance impact. This feature is essential for mission-critical environments that require 24/7 availability and cannot afford scheduled maintenance windows for routine software updates.

Unlike traditional storage architectures that use an Asymmetric Logical Unit Access (ALUA) model where a LUN is "owned" by a primary controller, Huawei OceanStor Dorado utilizes a Symmetric Active-Active architecture. In this design, LUNs do not have a specific owner. Instead, all controllers in a cluster can simultaneously receive and process I/O requests for the same LUN.

This is made possible by theSmartMatrix full-mesh interconnect, which allows any interface module to communicate with any controller, and any controller to access any disk. Because there is no concept of "LUN ownership," there is no need for time-consuming "LUN handovers" if a controller fails. This symmetry eliminates performance bottlenecks, ensures balanced load distribution across all hardware resources, and provides a smoother experience for host-side multipathing software. This architectural shift is a key differentiator for the Dorado series, enabling it to deliver consistent, high-speed performance even during controller maintenance or failure.

Direct-Attached Storage (DAS) is a traditional storage architecture where storage devices are connected directly to a host server. Huawei documentation defines the following key characteristics:

Direct Connection (Option C):DAS connects to the server via internal or external interfaces such as SATA, SAS, or SCSI, rather than through a storage network.

No Network Devices (Option A):Because it is a 1-to-1 connection, it does not require Fibre Channel switches or Ethernet switches to facilitate the link between the host and the storage. This makes it simple and cost-effective for small-scale deployments.

Block Storage Services (Option B):Like a SAN, DAS provides block-level access. The server’s operating system manages the file system (NTFS, EXT4, etc.) directly on the provided blocks.

While a server attached to DAS can share its files over a network (becoming a file server), the DAS itself is not a "File Storage Service" (Option D). In Huawei’s hierarchy, file services are the domain ofNAS (Network Attached Storage), which provides shared access to files via protocols like CIFS/SMB or NFS.

This statement is false because Huawei's new-generation OceanStor hybrid flash storage features a converged (Unified) architecture that supports Native NAS capabilities directly within the storage controllers. In older storage generations or with competitors, an external "NAS Gateway" or "Filer" was often required to provide file services on top of block storage.

Huawei’sHyperMetro for NASis a gateway-free active-active solution. The file systems are managed natively by the storage OS (OceanStor OS), allowing both SAN and NAS services to benefit from the same high-availability features. By eliminating the need for an external gateway, Huawei simplifies the network topology, reduces hardware costs (TCO), and minimizes latency by removing an extra processing hop for file data. This native integration allows for seamless cross-site active-active deployments for file protocols like CIFS/SMB and NFS, just as it does for block protocols.

In Huawei OceanStor NAS systems, data consistency and integrity are maintained through a mechanism known as File Locking. When User A opens a file for modification (a write operation), the storage system applies a "Write Lock" or an "Exclusive Lock" to that specific file. This lock prevents other users from performing any actions that would alter the file's metadata or content, as these concurrent changes would lead to data corruption or "lost updates".

Consequently,File deletion (Option A),File modification (Option C), andFile renaming (Option D)are all blocked because they require write-level access or changes to the file system's directory structure that conflict with the active lock held by User A. However,File reading (Option B)is generally permitted unless User A has specifically requested an exclusive lock that bars all access. In standard CIFS/SMB and NFS configurations used by Huawei, multiple users can read a file while one user is writing, ensuring that information remains accessible without compromising the integrity of the file being updated.

Performance optimization in Huawei Hybrid Flash arrays is primarily handled by the SmartCache and SmartTier features, which leverage the speed of SSDs to compensate for the slower performance of HDDs:

SmartCache (Option C):This feature uses SSDs as a high-speedLevel-2 read cache. By caching frequently accessed "hot" data on SSDs, the system can respond to read requests with much lower latency than if it had to fetch data from mechanical SAS or NL-SAS drives.

SmartTier (Option D):This is anintelligent storage tieringfeature. It monitors data access frequency and automatically migrates active data blocks to the high-performance SSD tier, while moving inactive "cold" data to lower-cost HDD tiers. This ensures that performance-sensitive workloads always run on the fastest available media.

SmartDedupe (Option A)is a capacity efficiency feature for reducing redundant data.SmartAcceleration (Option B)is not a standard standalone feature name in the OceanStor Hybrid suite, although the system as a whole uses various acceleration algorithms.

In Huawei OceanStor systems, a snapshot is not a full physical copy of the data. Huawei uses a technology called HyperSnap, which typically employs a "Copy-on-Write" (COW) or "Redirect-on-Write" (ROW) mechanism.

When a snapshot is created, the system generates a point-in-time (PIT) logical image of the source LUN. It does not immediately duplicate the data blocks; instead, it records the state of the data at that specific moment. If data in the source LUN is subsequently modified, the original data is preserved (in COW) or new data is written to a new location (in ROW) to maintain the integrity of the snapshot. Because only the metadata and the changed blocks are managed, snapshots are created near-instantaneously and consume very little initial space.

A "full copy" would be referred to as aClone (HyperClone)or aLUN Copy, both of which require a 1:1 ratio of physical storage space relative to the source and take significant time to complete. Therefore, a snapshot is a virtual, point-in-time image, not a full physical duplicate.

The new-generation OceanStor hybrid flash storage is designed to support modern cloud-native workloads, including those running in containerized environments. To facilitate the connection between storage resources and container orchestrators like Kubernetes, Huawei supports several key plug-ins:

CSI (Container Storage Interface) (Option D):This is the industry-standard interface that allows the storage system to provide persistent volumes (PVs) to containers. By using the Huawei CSI plug-in, users can automate the provisioning, mounting, and management of LUNs (SAN) and File Systems (NAS) directly from Kubernetes manifests.

CDR (Container Disaster Recovery) (Option A):In addition to basic connectivity, Huawei provides the CDR plug-in to manage data protection for containerized applications. CDR enables backup and disaster recovery capabilities for persistent data, ensuring that if a container cluster or a data center fails, the application data can be recovered at a secondary site using replication or backup technologies.

Plug-ins like CSS or ECS (Options B and C) are generally related to other cloud services or specific compute instances and are not the primary container storage plug-ins associated with the OceanStor hybrid flash series.

This statement is true according to Huawei’s storage networking fundamentals. iSCSI (Internet Small Computer System Interface) encapsulates SCSI commands into TCP/IP packets for transmission over standard Ethernet networks. Because it leverages the universal TCP/IP stack, iSCSI can operate across existing routers, switches, and long-distance WAN links without requiring the specialized, expensive hardware associated with Fibre Channel (such as FC switches and Host Bus Adapters).

This reliance on standard Ethernet infrastructure provides iSCSI with superiorscalability and flexibility. For example, iSCSI allows storage to be accessed over any distance where an IP connection exists, which is inherently simpler than the complex "FCIP" tunneling required to extend FC over long distances. Additionally, as Ethernet speeds continue to evolve rapidly (10GbE to 25GbE, 100GbE, and beyond), iSCSI can easily scale its performance by upgrading standard networking components. While Fibre Channel often offers lower latency and better raw performance in dedicated local environments, the ease of expansion and integration into existing IP networks makes iSCSI the more scalable choice for broad data center environments.

Huawei’s HyperReplication technology is designed to provide robust data redundancy across geographically separated storage systems. According to official technical specifications, Huawei storage supports two primary replication modes:

Synchronous Remote Replication (Option A):In this mode, data is written to both the local and remote storage systems simultaneously. The host receives a write-completion acknowledgement only after the data is successfully stored in both locations. This ensures zero data loss (RPO = 0) but is sensitive to network latency and is typically limited to distances within 100km to 300km.

Asynchronous Remote Replication (Option C):Data is first written to the local storage, and the host receives an immediate acknowledgement. The data is then synchronized to the remote site at defined intervals or based on specific triggers. This mode is not limited by distance and has minimal impact on application performance, though it carries a risk of minor data loss (RPO > 0).

Terms like "Semi-synchronous" or "Semi-asynchronous" (Options B and D) are not standard replication modes in the Huawei OceanStor architectural framework.

Huawei OceanStor NAS systems provide a comprehensive Audit Log feature to track user activities for security and compliance purposes. This feature records metadata related to how files and directories are accessed and manipulated over the SMB or NFS protocols.

According to the Huawei technical reference, the audit mechanism captures a wide range of events, including:

File Opening (Option D):Records when a user accesses a file, including the timestamp and user ID.

File Modification (Option B):Tracks changes made to the content of a file.

File Renaming (Option A) and Deletion (Option C):Records structural changes to the file system, which is critical for identifying potential data theft or accidental loss.

By analyzing these logs, administrators can reconstruct the history of file operations to determine "who did what and when." This is a key component of Huawei’s data security framework, helping organizations meet internal auditing requirements and external regulatory standards.

Huawei’s SmartQuota feature allows administrators to manage storage consumption at the directory, user, or user-group level using three types of thresholds:

Hard Quota (800 GB):This is a strict limit. Once the used capacity reaches this value, the storage system will immediately prevent any further write operations to that directory. Therefore, Option Dwilloccur.

Soft Quota (700 GB):This is a flexible limit combined with a grace period. When the limit is exceeded, the system issues an alarm butcontinues to allow data writesuntil the grace period expires or the hard quota is reached. Therefore, Option B willNOToccur.

Advisory Quota (600 GB):This is purely for monitoring and reporting. When reached, the system simply triggers an administrative alarm or notification; itnever restricts data writes. Therefore, Option C willNOToccur.

Option A is also correct because the directory is part of a 1 TB file system; it can never exceed the physical size of its parent container. Thus, only B and C are the actions that "will NOT occur."

According to Huawei’s technical standards for data protection, this statement is the reverse of the actual definitions. Backup focuses on data recoverability, while Disaster Recovery (DR) focuses on service continuity.

Backup is the process of creating a redundant copy of data to protect against accidental deletion, data corruption, or hardware failure. Its primary goal is to ensure that a copy of the data exists and can be restored (recoverability). Disaster Recovery, however, involves the infrastructure and processes required to resume business operations (services) after a catastrophic event (like a flood or fire). DR utilizes technologies likeHyperMetro(active-active) orHyperReplication(remote replication) to ensure that the application remains available or can be restarted quickly at a secondary site, thereby ensuringService Continuity. Because the statement swaps these two core objectives, the answer is False.