WGU Health-Fitness-and-Wellness Dumps

Antibodies are specializedproteinsmade by the immune system torecognize, bind to, and help neutralize harmful invaderssuch as bacteria, viruses, and other foreign substances. They are produced byB lymphocytes (B cells), which can develop into plasma cells that release large amounts of antibodies into the blood and lymph. Each antibody is designed to fit a specific target, called anantigen, much like a key fits a lock.

When antibodies bind to antigens on the surface of an invader, they help “inactivate” the threat in several important ways. First, they canneutralizepathogens directly by blocking their ability to enter body cells or release toxins. Second, antibodies cantag invaders for destruction—a process calledopsonization—making it easier for immune cells such as macrophages and neutrophils to engulf and break down the pathogen. Third, antibodies can activate thecomplement system, a group of proteins that can puncture pathogen membranes or amplify immune responses.

It’s important to distinguish antibodies from the other options.Antigensare not immune proteins that protect you; they are theforeign markerson pathogens that antibodies recognize.Cytokinesare signaling proteins that coordinate immune activity (they “communicate” between cells rather than specifically binding invaders).Hormonesregulate body functions like metabolism, growth, and stress response, but they are not the primary proteins that recognize pathogens.

In health and wellness, strong immune function is supported by adequate sleep, balanced nutrition (especially protein, vitamins A/C/D, zinc), stress management, and regular physical activity—all of which help the body produce and regulate immune components, including antibodies.

Vitamins and minerals are categorized asmicronutrientsbecause the body needs them insmall amountsto support essential functions, even though they donotprovide calories (energy). They play critical roles in maintaining normal growth, immune function, bone health, blood formation, nerve signaling, and metabolism. For example, vitamins such asA, C, D, E, K, and theB-complexhelp regulate processes like vision, collagen formation, calcium absorption, antioxidant defense, and energy metabolism. Minerals such ascalcium, iron, potassium, magnesium, zinc, and iodinesupport bone structure, oxygen transport, fluid balance, muscle contraction, enzyme activity, and thyroid function.

Micronutrients differ frommacronutrients(carbohydrates, fats, and proteins), which are needed in larger quantities and supply the body with energy and building materials. In a balanced diet, macronutrients provide fuel and tissue-building components, while micronutrients help the bodyuse that fuel effectivelyand keep organs and systems functioning properly.

The other options are not correct categories for vitamins and minerals.Antioxidantsdescribe substances that help protect cells from oxidative damage; some vitamins (like C and E) act as antioxidants, but not all vitamins and minerals are classified that way.Essential amino acidsare the building blocks of protein that must come from food; they are not vitamins or minerals. Therefore, “micronutrients” is the broad, accurate classification that includes both vitamins and minerals, highlighting their importance despite the small amounts required.

Adepressive disordercommonly involves a cluster of symptoms that affect mood, energy, thinking, behavior, and daily functioning. The signs listed—low energy,difficulty sleeping,missing assignments, andavoiding friends—fit well with depression because depression can reduce motivation, concentration, and interest in usual activities. People may feel persistently sad, empty, or irritable, and they may withdraw socially because interactions feel exhausting or because they experience low self-worth and guilt. Sleep disturbance is also common; some people have insomnia (trouble falling or staying asleep), while others sleep more than usual but still feel tired.

Missing assignments can reflect decreased concentration, slowed thinking, or lack of motivation—often called “anhedonia” (loss of interest/pleasure) and reduced drive. Avoiding friends reflects social withdrawal, which can worsen symptoms by removing support and increasing isolation.

The other options are less consistent with the overall pattern.Schizophreniatypically features symptoms such as hallucinations, delusions, disorganized thinking, and significant changes in perception and behavior—these are not mentioned here.Bipolar disorderincludes episodes of depression, but it is distinguished by episodes ofmania or hypomania(periods of unusually elevated or irritable mood, increased energy, decreased need for sleep, and impulsive behavior).Anxiety disorderscan cause sleep issues and avoidance, but the combination of low energy, withdrawal, and functional decline described here aligns more strongly with depression.

Wellness education emphasizes early support: talking to a trusted adult or counselor, maintaining routines (sleep, meals, movement), and seeking professional help when symptoms persist or interfere with school and relationships.